Alcañiz
(2019– )
Alcañiz (Spanish pronunciation: [alkaˈɲiθ]) is a town and municipality of Teruel province in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. The town is located on the banks of the river Guadalope. Alcañiz is the unofficial capital of the Lower Aragon historical region. It lies some 113 km from Teruel, the provincial capital, and 92 km from Zaragoza, the capital of Aragon.
Alcañiz is the capital of the Bajo Aragón comarca and the second city in the province after Teruel.
History
The current settlement of Alcañiz dates to the Islamic era in Spain. It was captured by the Christian troops of Alfonso I of Aragon in 1119, but was later taken back by the Moors. It was conquered again by count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1157, and again lost, until it was finally recaptured by his son Alfonso II of Aragon. In 1179 the latter gave the town to the military Order of Calatrava.
On 23 May 1809 during the Peninsular War, the Battle of Alcañiz was fought between a Spanish force led by General Blake and French troops commanded by General Suchet. During French occupation Suchet made an administrative territorial division of Aragon by which Alcañiz became the capital of the province of Alcañiz. This short-lived province briefly unified the Lower Aragon historical region.[2] Alcañiz, however was bypassed in the 1833 territorial division of Spain and later attempts to create an Alcañiz Province were not successful.
Formerly there was a railway line between Alcañiz and Tortosa, offering a new gateway to the sea for Aragon through this town. Construction work began in 1891, but it was haphazard and the first trains between Alcañiz and Tortosa began only in 1942. The last stretch between Tortosa and Sant Carles de la Ràpita was never completed before the line was terminated by RENFE in 1973.[3]
Jewish history
In 1380, a few Jewish families, scattered in the surroundings of the town, joined to community, which was under the jurisdiction of the Order of Calatrava. During the massacres of 1391, the Jewish community in town was protected. Alcañiz was the hometown of Joshua Lorki, a converted Jew who initiated the religious Disputation of Tortosa between Christian and Jewish scholars.[4] A law was forced on the town Jewish community, imposing a fine on any Jew who wished to move out of the city. Most of the town Jews eventually converted to Christianity, before or during the Spanish Inquisition in 1492.[5]
Demography
The population in Alcañiz is 15 939 people in 2018
1857 | 1860 | 1877 | 1897 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,522 | 7,619 | 7,327 | 7,433 | 7,699 | 8,397 | 8,596 | 8,961 | 8,691 | 9,812 | 10,166 | 10,851 | 11,639 | 12,820 | 13,431 | 16,402 | 15,947 |
Geography and climate
Alcañiz has a semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) with moderately cool winters with some rain to hot, mostly dry summers with little rain and thunderstorms. Heavy rains happen in spring and autumn, especially during May, October and November. There is approximately 1 snowy day every year. Some years have no snowfall while others have a few days of snow. Heavy snow is unknown.[6]
Climate data for Alcañiz, Teruel. 340 metres (1,120 ft) above sea level | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12 (54) | 14 (57) | 17 (63) | 19 (66) | 24 (75) | 29 (84) | 32 (90) | 32 (90) | 27 (81) | 22 (72) | 16 (61) | 13 (55) | 21 (71) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) | 8.5 (47.3) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 11.5 (52.7) | 8.5 (47.3) | 15.6 (60.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3 (37) | 4 (39) | 5 (41) | 7 (45) | 11 (52) | 15 (59) | 17 (63) | 18 (64) | 15 (59) | 12 (54) | 7 (45) | 4 (39) | 10 (50) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25 (1.0) | 22 (0.9) | 21 (0.8) | 34 (1.3) | 37 (1.5) | 21 (0.8) | 11 (0.4) | 14 (0.6) | 22 (0.9) | 28 (1.1) | 30 (1.2) | 26 (1.0) | 291 (11.5) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 41.1 |
Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 171 | 171 | 215 | 234 | 259 | 276 | 315 | 288 | 235 | 202 | 167 | 155 | 2,696 |
Source: Meteoblue[6] |
Main sights
Sights in Alcañiz include:
- Castle of the Calatravos (Parador since 1968)
- Church of Santa María la Mayor, including a medieval Gothic tower.
- Lonja de Alcañiz
- Casa Consistorial (Town Hall; 1565–70)
- Underground passage; these goes from Town Hall up to the Church and the calle mayor.
A few kilometers from the city are the rock paintings of the Val del Charco del Agua Amarga, included in the UNESCO Heritage Site Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula .
Notable people
- Domingo Andrés (1525–1599), humanist, writer and poet
See also
References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Eliseo Serrano Martín, El Matarraña y la Historia Moderna. Portal Aragon.
- ^ Historia de la línea de La Puebla de Híjar-Alcañiz-Tortosa-Sant Carles de la Ràpita Archived 19 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Alcañiz". jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ "ALCAÑIZ". jewishencyclopedia.com.
- ^ a b "Clima Alcañiz". meteoblue.
External links
- Official website (in Spanish)
- The battle of Alcañiz — De Re Militari (in Spanish)
- Alcañiz.tk
- v
- t
- e
- Ababuj
- Abejuela
- Aguatón
- Aguaviva
- Aguilar del Alfambra
- Alacón
- Alba
- Albalate del Arzobispo
- Albarracín
- Albentosa
- Alcaine
- Alcalá de la Selva
- Alcañiz
- Alcorisa
- Alfambra
- Aliaga
- Allepuz
- Alloza
- Allueva
- Almohaja
- Alobras
- Alpeñés
- Anadón
- Andorra
- Arcos de las Salinas
- Arens de Lledó
- Argente
- Ariño
- Azaila
- Bádenas
- Báguena
- Bañón
- Barrachina
- Bea
- Beceite
- Bello
- Belmonte de San José
- Berge
- Bezas
- Blancas
- Blesa
- Bordón
- Bronchales
- Bueña
- Burbáguena
- Cabra de Mora
- Calaceite
- Calamocha
- Calanda
- Calomarde
- Camañas
- Camarena de la Sierra
- Camarillas
- Caminreal
- Cantavieja
- Cascante del Río
- Castejón de Tornos
- Castel de Cabra
- Castellote
- Castelnou
- Castelserás
- Cañada Vellida
- Cañada de Benatanduz
- Cañizar del Olivar
- Cedrillas
- Celadas
- Cella
- Corbalán
- Cortes de Aragón
- Cosa
- Cretas
- Crivillén
- Cubla
- Cucalón
- Cuevas Labradas
- Cuevas de Almudén
- Ejulve
- El Castellar
- El Cuervo
- El Pobo
- El Vallecillo
- Escorihuela
- Escucha
- Estercuel
- Ferreruela de Huerva
- Fonfría
- Formiche Alto
- Fortanete
- Foz-Calanda
- Frías de Albarracín
- Fuenferrada
- Fuentes Calientes
- Fuentes Claras
- Fuentes de Rubielos
- Fuentespalda
- Fórnoles
- Galve
- Gargallo
- Gea de Albarracín
- Griegos
- Guadalaviar
- Gúdar
- Hinojosa de Jarque
- Huesa del Común
- Híjar
- Jabaloyas
- Jarque de la Val
- Jatiel
- Jorcas
- Josa
- La Cañada de Verich
- La Cerollera
- La Codoñera
- La Cuba
- La Fresneda
- La Ginebrosa
- La Hoz de la Vieja
- La Iglesuela del Cid
- La Mata de los Olmos
- La Portellada
- La Puebla de Híjar
- La Puebla de Valverde
- La Zoma
- Lagueruela
- Lanzuela
- Las Parras de Castellote
- Libros
- Lidón
- Linares de Mora
- Lledó
- Los Olmos
- Loscos
- Maicas
- Manzanera
- Martín del Río
- Mas de las Matas
- Mazaleón
- Mezquita de Jarque
- Mirambel
- Miravete de la Sierra
- Molinos
- Monforte de Moyuela
- Monreal del Campo
- Monroyo
- Montalbán
- Monteagudo del Castillo
- Monterde de Albarracín
- Mora de Rubielos
- Moscardón
- Mosqueruela
- Muniesa
- Noguera de Albarracín
- Nogueras
- Nogueruelas
- Obón
- Odón
- Ojos Negros
- Olba
- Oliete
- Orihuela del Tremedal
- Orrios
- Palomar de Arroyos
- Pancrudo
- Peracense
- Peralejos
- Perales del Alfambra
- Peñarroya de Tastavins
- Pitarque
- Plou
- Pozondón
- Pozuel del Campo
- Puertomingalvo
- Rillo
- Riodeva
- Royuela
- Rubiales
- Rubielos de Mora
- Rubielos de la Cérida
- Ráfales
- Ródenas
- Salcedillo
- Saldón
- Samper de Calanda
- San Agustín
- San Martín del Río
- Santa Cruz de Nogueras
- Santa Eulalia del Campo
- Sarrión
- Segura de los Baños
- Seno
- Singra
- Terriente
- Teruel
- Toril y Masegoso
- Tormón
- Tornos
- Torralba de los Sisones
- Torre de Arcas
- Torre de las Arcas
- Torre del Compte
- Torre los Negros
- Torrecilla de Alcañiz
- Torrecilla del Rebollar
- Torrelacárcel
- Torremocha de Jiloca
- Torres de Albarracín
- Torrevelilla
- Torrijas
- Torrijo del Campo
- Tramacastiel
- Tramacastilla
- Tronchón
- Urrea de Gaén
- Utrillas
- Valacloche
- Valbona
- Valdealgorfa
- Valdecuenca
- Valdelinares
- Valdeltormo
- Valderrobres
- Valjunquera
- Veguillas de la Sierra
- Villafranca del Campo
- Villahermosa del Campo
- Villanueva del Rebollar de la Sierra
- Villar del Cobo
- Villar del Salz
- Villarluengo
- Villarquemado
- Villarroya de los Pinares
- Villastar
- Villel
- Vinaceite
- Visiedo
- Vivel del Río Martín