Liangzhe Circuit

Liangzhe Circuit
Traditional Chinese兩浙路
Hanyu PinyinLiǎngzhè Lù

Liangzhe Circuit within Song dynasty territory, c. 1100
Population
 • 1102~10 million[1][2]
 • 1162~11 million[1][2]
History
 • Preceded by
  • Zhejiang West Circuit
  • Zhejiang East Circuit
 • Created997 (Song dynasty)
 • Abolished1160s (Song dynasty)
 • Succeeded by
  • Liangzhe West Circuit
  • Liangzhe East Circuit
 • HQHang Prefecture

Liangzhe Circuit (997–1160s) was one of the major circuits during the Song dynasty (960–1279). Its administrative area corresponds roughly to modern Zhejiang, Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu (the portion east of Changzhou, between Lake Tai and the Yangtze). The fertile Yangtze River Delta lay within Liangzhe Circuit, as did Lake Tai. Liangzhe was the wealthiest circuit in Song.

The capital of Liangzhe Circuit was Hang Prefecture (renamed Lin'an Prefecture in 1129, when it became the Song capital).

History

Liangzhe Circuit was created in 997, about 19 years after the Wuyue (907–978) king Qian Chu surrendered his kingdom to the Song dynasty. The name Liangzhe (兩浙; "Two Zhe's") had been in use to refer to the two Tang dynasty (618–907) circuits Zhejiang East Circuit and Zhejiang West Circuit, both created in 758 and later controlled by Wuyue. Liangzhe Circuit was not identical to Wuyue territory: it included former Southern Tang prefectures like Chang Prefecture and Run Prefecture, but not Fu Prefecture.

In 1074, Liangzhe Circuit was divided into 2 circuits: Liangzhe East Circuit and Liangzhe West Circuit, but quickly recombined. After another brief split between 1076 and 1077, Liangzhe Circuit was permanently split in two in the 1160s. (In 1127, following the Jingkang incident, Zhao Gou (Emperor Gaozong) reestablished the Song dynasty in Hang Prefecture, which he renamed to Lin'an Prefecture in 1129.)

References

  1. ^ a b This estimate is based on the assumptions that 1) household figures are more reliable than population figures from Song dynasty censuses, and 2) an average household had 5 people. For conflicting views on Song dynasty census figures, see Pritchard, Earl H. (1963). "Thoughts on the Historical Development of the Population of China". The Journal of Asian Studies. 23 (1): 3–20. doi:10.2307/2050630. JSTOR 2050630. S2CID 162765214. and Li Baozhu (李宝柱) (1982). "宋代人口统计问题研究" [A Study on the Song Dynasty Census Problem]. Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) (in Chinese). 19 (4): 67–77. Archived from the original on 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  2. ^ a b Song Shi ch. 88.
  • Shi Weile, ed. (2005). Zhongguo Lishi Diming Da Cidian (中国历史地名大词典) [Large Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names] (in Chinese). China Social Sciences Press. pp. 1244, 2203. ISBN 7-5004-4929-1.
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Prefectures of Liangzhe Circuit during the Song dynasty
Liangzhe West Circuit
Liangzhe East Circuit
  • Yue (Shaoxing)
  • Chu
  • Ming (Qingyuan)
  • Qu
  • Tai
  • Wen (Li'an)
  • Wu
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Administrative divisions of the Song dynasty
Jingji (京畿)
Upper
Kāifēng (開封)
Jingdong East (京東東)
Upper
Jǐ'nán (濟南)
Lower
Qīngzhōu (青州) | Mìzhōu (密州) | Yízhōu (沂州) | Dēngzhōu (登州) | Láizhōu (萊州) | Wéizhōu (濰州) | Zīzhōu (淄州)
Armies
Huáiyáng (淮陽)
Jingdong West (京東西)
Upper
Yīngtiān (應天)
Lower
Yǎnzhōu (兗州) | Xúzhōu (徐州) | Cáozhōu (曹州) | Yùnzhōu (鄆州) | Jìzhōu (濟州) | Shànzhōu (單州) | Púzhōu (濮州)
Jingxi South (京西南)
Lower
Xiāngzhōu (襄州) | Suízhōu (隨州) | Tángzhōu (唐州) | Dèngzhōu (鄧州) | Jūnzhōu (均州) | Fángzhōu (房州) | Jīnzhou (金州) | Yǐngzhōu (郢州)
Armies
Guānghuà (光化)
Jingxi North (京西北)
Upper
Hénán (河南) | Yǐngchāng (潁昌)
Lower
Zhèngzhōu (鄭州) | Huázhōu (滑州) | Mèngzhōu (孟州) | Càizhōu (蔡州) | Chénzhōu (陳州) | Yǐngzhōu (穎州) | Rǔzhōu (汝州)
Armies
Xìnyáng (信陽)
Hebei East (河北東)
Upper
Dàmíng (大名)
Lower
Chánzhōu (澶州) | Cāngzhōu (滄州) | Jìzhōu (冀州) | Yíngzhōu (瀛州) | Bózhōu (博州) | Dìzhōu (棣州) | Mòzhōu (莫州) | Xióngzhōu (雄州) | Bàzhōu (霸州) | Dézhōu (德州) | Bīnzhōu (濱州) | Ēnzhōu (恩州)
Armies
Qiánníng (乾寧) | Yǒngjìng (永靜) | Bǎodìng (保定) | Xìn'ān (信安)
Hebei West (河北西)
Upper
Zhēndìng (真定)
Lower
Xiāngzhōu (相州) | Dìngzhōu (定州) | Xíngzhōu (邢州) | Huáizhōu (懷州) | Wèizhōu (衛州) | Míngzhōu (洺州) | Shēnzhōu (深州) | Cízhōu (磁州) | Qízhōu (祁州) | Zhàozhōu (趙州) | Bǎozhōu (保州)
Armies
Ānsù (安肅) | Yǒngníng (永寧) | Guǎngxìn (廣信) | Shùn'ān (順安)
Hedong (河東)
Upper
Tàiyuán (太原)
Lower
Lùzhōu (潞州) | Jìnzhōu (晉州) | Jiàngzhōu (絳州) | Zézhōu (澤州) | Dàizhōu (代州) | Xīnzhōu (忻州) | Fénzhōu (汾州) | Liáozhōu (遼州) | Xiànzhōu (憲州) | Lánzhōu (嵐州) | Shízhōu (石州) | Xízhōu (隰州) | Línzhōu (麟州) | Fǔzhōu (府州) | Fēngzhōu (豐州)
Armies
Wēishèng (威勝) | Píngdìng (平定) | Kělán (岢嵐) | Nínghuà (寧化) | Huǒshān (火山) | Bǎodé (保德)
Yongxing Army (永興軍)
Upper
Jīngzhào (京兆) | Hézhōng (河中)
Lower
Xìezhōu (解州) | Shǎnzhōu (陝州) | Shāngzhōu (商州) | Guózhōu (虢州) | Tóngzhōu (同州) | Huázhōu (華州) | Yàozhōu (耀州) |Yánzhōu (延州) | Fūzhōu (鄜州) | Fāngzhōu (坊州) | Qìngzhōu (慶州) | Huánzhōu (環州) | Bīnzhōu (邠州) | Níngzhōu (寧州) | Dānzhōu (丹州)
Armies
Bǎoān (保安)
Qinfeng (秦鳳)
Upper
Fèngxiáng (鳳翔)
Lower
Qínzhōu (秦州) | Lǒngzhōu (隴州) | Chéngzhōu (成州) | Fèngzhōu (鳳州) | Jīngzhōu (涇州) | Wèizhōu (渭州) | Yuánzhōu (原州) | Xīzhōu (熙州) | Hézhōu (河州) | Mínzhōu (岷州) | Lánzhōu (蘭州) | Jiēzhōu (階州)
Armies
Déshùn (德順) | Zhènróng (鎮戎) | Tōngyuǎn (通遠)
Liangzhe (兩浙)
Lower
Hángzhōu (杭州) | Yuèzhōu (越州) | Sūzhōu (蘇州) | Rùnzhōu (潤州) | Húzhōu (湖州) | Wùzhōu (婺州) | Míngzhōu (明州) | Wēnzhōu (溫州) | Táizhōu (台州) | Chǔzhōu (處州) | Qúzhōu (衢州) | Mùzhōu (睦州) | Xiùzhōu (秀州) | Chángzhōu (常州)
Huainan East (淮南東)
Lower
Yángzhōu (揚州) | Bózhōu (亳州) | Sùzhōu (宿州) | Chǔzhōu (楚州) | Hǎizhōu (海州) | Tàizhōu (泰州) | Sìzhōu (泗州) | Chúzhōu (滁州) | Zhēnzhōu (真州) | Tōngzhōu (通州)
Huainan West (淮南西)
Upper
Shòuchūn (壽春)
Lower
Lúzhōu (廬州) | Qízhōu (蘄州) | Hézhōu (和州) | Shūzhōu (舒州) | Háozhōu (濠州) | Guāngzhōu(光州) | Huángzhōu (黃州)
Armies
Wúwéi (無為)
Jiangnan East (江南東)
Upper
Jiāngníng (江寧)
Lower
Xuánzhōu (宣州) | Shèzhōu (歙州) | Chízhōu (池州) | Jiāngzhōu (江州) | Rāozhou (饒州) | Xìnzhōu (信州) | Tàipíngzhōu (太平州)
Armies
Guǎngdé (廣德) | Nánkāng (南康)
Jiangnan West (江南西)
Lower
Hóngzhōu (洪州) | Qiánzhōu (虔州) | Jízhōu (吉州) | Yuánzhōu (袁州) | Fǔzhōu (撫州) | Yúnzhōu (筠州)
Armies
Xīngguó (興國) | Ānnán (南安) | Línjiāng (臨江) | Jiànchāng (建昌)
Jinghu North (荊湖北)
Upper
Jiānglín (江陵)
Lower
Èzhōu (鄂州) | Ānzhōu (安州) | Fùzhōu (復州) | Dǐngzhōu (鼎州) | Lǐzhōu (澧州) | Xiázhōu (峽州) | Yuèzhōu (岳州) | Guīzhōu (歸州) | Chénzhōu (辰州) | Yuánzhōu (沅州) | Chéngzhōu (誠州)
Jinghu South (荊湖南)
Lower
Tánzhōu (潭州) | Héngzhōu (衡州) | Dàozhōu (道州) | Yǒngzhōu (永州) | Chēnzhōu (郴州) | Shàozhōu (邵州) | Quánzhōu (全州)
Inspectorate
Guìyáng (桂陽)
Fujian (福建)
Lower
Fúzhōu (福州) | Jiànzhōu (建州) | Quánzhōu (泉州) | Nánjiànzhōu (南劍州) | Zhāngzhōu (漳州) | Tīngzhōu (汀州)
Army
Shàowǔ (邵武) | Xīnghuà (興化)
Chengdu (成都)
Upper
Chéngdū (成都)
Lower
Qióngzhōu (邛州) | Méizhōu (眉州) | Shǔzhōu (蜀州) | Péngzhōu (彭州) | Miánzhōu (綿州) | Hànzhōu (漢州) | Jiāzhōu (嘉州) | Jiǎnzhōu (簡州) | Lízhōu (黎州) | Yǎzhōu (雅州) | Màozhōu (茂州) | Wēizhōu (威州)
Army
Yǒngkāng (永康) | Shíquán (石泉)
Inspectorate
Língjǐng (陵井)
Zizhou (梓州)
Lower
Zǐzhōu (梓州) | Suìzhōu (遂州) | Guǒzhōu (果州) | Zīzhōu (資州) | Pǔzhōu (普州) | Chāngzhōu (昌州) |Róngzhōu (戎州) | Lúzhōu (瀘州) | Hézhōu (合州) | Róngzhōu (榮州) | Qúzhōu (渠州)
Army
Huáiān (懷安) | Guǎng'ān (廣安)
Inspectorate
Fùshùn (富順)
Lizhou (利州)
Upper
Xīngyuán (興元)
Lower
Lìzhōu (利州) | Yángzhōu (洋州) | Làngzhōu (閬州) | Jiànzhōu (劍州) | Bāzhōu (巴州) | Wénzhōu (文州) | Xīngzhōu (興州) | Péngzhōu (蓬州) | Lóngzhōu (龍州)
Kuizhou (夔州)
Lower
Kuízhōu (夔州) | Qiánzhōu (黔州) | Shīzhōu (施州) | Zhōngzhōu (忠州) | Wànzhōu (萬州) | Dázhōu (達州) | Fúzhōu (涪州) | Yúzhōu (渝州) | Kāizhōu (開州)
Army
Yún'ān (雲安) | Liángshān (梁山) | Nánpíng (南平)
Inspectorate
Dàníng (大寧)
Guangnan East (廣南東)
Lower
Guǎngzhōu (廣州) | Sháozhōu (韶州) | Xúnzhōu (循州) | Cháozhōu (潮州) | Liánzhōu (連州) | Méizhōu (梅州) | Xióngzhōu (雄州) | Yīngzhōu (英州) | Hèzhōu (賀州) | Fēngzhōu (封州) | Duānzhōu (端州) | Xīnzhōu (新州) | Kāngzhōu (康州) | Nán'ēnzhōu (南恩州) | Huìzhōu (惠州)
Guangnan West
Lower
Guìzhōu (桂州) | Róngzhōu (容州) | Yōngzhōu (邕州) | Róngzhōu (融州) | Xiàngzhōu (象州) | Zhāozhōu (昭州) | Téngzhōu (藤州) | Gōngzhōu (龔州) | Xúnzhōu (潯州) | Liǔzhōu (柳州) | Guìzhōu (貴州) | Yízhōu (宜州) | Bīnzhōu (賓州) | Héngzhōu (橫州) | Huàzhōu (化州) | Gāozhōu (高州) | Léizhōu (雷州) | Qīnzhōu (欽州) | Báizhōu (白州) | Yùlínzhōu (鬱林州) | Liánzhōu (廉州) | Qióngzhōu (瓊州)
Army
Chānghuà (昌化) | Wàn'ān (萬安) | Zhūyái (朱崖)
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