List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay

Regional biodiversity species list

Astronaut photo of Cape Town showing the Cape Peninsula, and surrounding waters, including False Bay.
Map showing approximate extent of the range of the article and identifying key locations and the borders of the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone
Marine species distribution reference map of the Southern African coastline, showing key range locations

The list of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay is a list of marine and shore-based vertebrate animal species that form a part of the fauna of South Africa and that have been recorded from this geographical range. In some cases they are an important part of the local ecological community, and others may have been passing through, or were carried out of their natural ranges by the vagaries of ocean currents or winds. Some of the animals are deep within their range of endemism, or near its borders, while others are cosmopolitan or recently arrived aliens. This list includes animals which live entirely marine lives, or which spend critical parts of their lives at sea, or rely on the sea or intertidal shore for the major part of their diet.

The geographical range is from Bloubergstrand at the north of Table Bay to Cape Hangklip, the south eastern limit of False Bay, in the Western Cape province of South Africa and includes the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area (TMNP MPA),[1] the Helderberg Marine Protected Area, and part of the Robben Island Marine Protected Area.

Most of the shore is within the City of Cape Town, except for a section of the east coast of False Bay, south of Kogel Bay, which is in the Overstrand Local Municipality

The region is near to several universities and research institutions in Cape Town and Stellenbosch, which has led to many studies of the organisms and of the marine ecology, particularly those organisms that are easily or incidentally collected. The popularity of these waters for recreational diving has led to an increase in reported underwater photographic observations in recent years.[2]

Fishes

Agnatha – jawless fishes (cyclostomes)

Order Myxiniformes – hagfishes
Family: Myxinidae

Gnathostomata – jawed fishes

Chondrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes

Elasmobranchii – sharks and rays
Order Myliobatiformes – stingrays
Family Myliobatidae – eagle rays

Order Rajiformes – rays, skates and guitarfish

Family Dasyatidae – stingrays

Family Rajidae – skates

Family Rhinobatidae – guitarfish

Order Torpediniformes – electric rays
Family Narkidae

Family Torpedinidae

Order Carcharhiniformes – ground sharks

Family Carcharhinidae – requiem sharks

Family Scyliorhinidae – catsharks

Family Sphyrnidae – hammerhead sharks

Family Triakidae – houndsharks

Order Hexanchiformes – cow and frill sharks

Family Hexanchidae – cow sharks

Order Lamniformes – mackerel sharks

Family Alopiidae – thresher sharks

  • Thintail thresher, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (throughout SA waters, more common in southern part)[4][5]

Family Cetorhinidae – basking sharks

Family Lamnidae – mackerel sharks

Family Mitsukurinidae – goblin sharks

Family Odontaspididae

  • Ragged-tooth shark or spotted ragged-tooth shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 (Cape Point to Mozambique)[3][4][19][5] also reported as syn. Eugomphodus taurus (Rafinesque, 1810)

Family Pseudocarchariidae – crocodile sharks

Order Orectolobiformes – carpet sharks

Family Rhincodontidae – whale sharks

Order Pristiophoriformes – sawsharks

Family Pristiophoridae

Order Squaliformes – dogfish sharks

Family Echinorhinidae – bramble sharks

Family Etmopteridae

Family Squalidae – dogfishes

Holocephali – chimaeras

Order Chimaeriformes

Family Callorhinchidae – elephantfish

Family Chimaeridae – chimaeras

Family Rhinochimaeridae – longnose chimaeras

Class Actinopterygii – ray finned fishes

Order Acanthuriformes

Family: Chaetodontidae – butterflyfishes[21]

Family Luvaridae – louvar[24]

Order: Acropomatiformes

Family: Champsodontidae – Gapers[25]

Family: Epigonidae – cardinal fishes (see also Apogonidae)[26]

Family: Howellidae – lanternbellies[27]

Family: Pentacerotidae – armourheads[29]

Family: Polyprionidae – wreckfishes[30]

Family: Scombropidae – gnomefishes[31]

Order Anguilliformes – eels

Family Anguillidae – freshwater eels

Family Congridae – conger eels

Family Derichthyidae – longneck eels

Family Nemichthyidae – snipe eels

Family: Nettastomatidae – witch eels

Family Ophichthidae – snake-eels and worm-eels

Family Serrivomeridae – sawtooth eels

Family Synaphobranchidae – cutthroat eels

Order Ateleopodiformes

Family Ateleopodidae – tadpole fishes

Order Atheriniformes

Family Atherinidae – silversides

Order Aulopiformes

Family Alepisauridae – lancetfishes

Family Bathysauropsidae

Family Chlorophthalmidae – greeneyes

Family Evermannellidae – sabretooth fishes

  • Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928) (central water areas of all 3 major oceans; off western and south-western Cape coast, 1 specimen from 31°34'S, 30°09'E)[4][47]

Family Ipnopidae

Family Notosudidae – notosudids

Family Paralepididae – barracudinas

Family Scopelarchidae – pearleyes

Family Synodontidae

Order Batrachoidiformes

Family Batrachoididae – toadfishes

Order Beloniformes

Family Exocoetidae – flyingfishes

Family Hemiramphidae – halfbeaks

  • Ribbon halfbeak, Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823) (reported from Table Bay, also known from Algoa Bay and Kei River mouth, tropical and temperate waters of Indo-Pacific)[4]
  • Cape halfbeak, Hyporhamphus capensis (Thominot, 1886) (False Bay to southern Mozambique))[3][4]

Family Belonidae – needlefishes

Family Scomberesocidae – sauries

  • Dwarf saury, Scomberesox simulans (Hubbs & Wisner, 1980), recorded as syn. Nanichthys simulans Hubbs and Wisner, 1980 (off the Cape up the west coast, warm temperate waters of the Atlantic and southern Indian oceans)[4]
Order Beryciformes

Family Berycidae – berycids

Family Monocentridae – pineapple fishes

  • Pineapple fish, Japanese pineapple fish, Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) (Indo-West Pacific and Red Sea south to Mossel Bay)[4](Recorded from False Bay on at least two occasions)[6][23]

Family Trachichthyidae – slimeheads

Order Blenniiformes

Family Blenniidae – blennies

Family Clinidae – klipfishes

Family Tripterygiidae – threefin blennies or triplefins

Order Callionymiformes

Family Callionymidae – dragonets[68]

Order Carangiformes

Family: Carangidae – kingfishes

Family: Coryphaenidae – dolphinfish or dorades

Family: Echeneidae – remoras[70]

Family: Istiophoridae – sailfish, spearfishes and marlins[71]

Family: Rachycentridae – cobia[72]

Family: Xiphiidae – Swordfishes[73]

Order Centrarchiformes

Family: Cheilodactylidae – fingerfins[74]

Family: Dichistiidae – galjoens

Family: Kyphosidae – sea chubs[76]

Family: Oplegnathidae – knifejaws[77]

Family: Parascorpididae – jutjaw

Order Clupeiformes

Family Clupeidae – herrings, sardines and pilchards

Family Dussumieriidae

Family Ehiravidae

Family Engraulidae – anchovies

Order Elopiformes

Family Elopidae – ladyfishes

  • Atlantic ladyfish, Elops lacerta Valenciennes, 1846 (Atlantic coast to 23°S)[4]
Order Eupercaria incertae sedis

Family: Callanthiidae – goldies

Family: Emmelichthyidae – rovers[82]

Family: Haemulidae – rubberlips and grunters[83]

Family: Malacanthidae – tilefishes[85]

Family: Monodactylidae – moonies[86]

Family: Sciaenidae – kobs[87]

Family: Sparidae – seabreams

Order Gadiformes

Family: Bregmacerotidae – codlets

Family Gadidae – cods

Family Macrouridae – grenadiers

Family Melanonidae – melanonids

  • Pelagic cod, Melanonus gracilis Günther, 1878 (circum-Antarctic south of Subtropical convergence; off Cape Peninsula)[4][97]

Family Merlucciidae – hakes

Family Moridae – deepsea cods

Order Gobiesociformes

Family Gobiesocidae – clingfishes[102]

Order Gobiiformes

Family: Gobiidae – gobies[103]

Subfamily Gobiinae

Order Gonorynchiformes

Family Gonorynchidae – beaked sandfish

Order Lampriformes

Family Lampridae – opahs

  • Spotted opah, Jerusalem haddock, moonfish, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) (all oceans but not in polar waters, occurs throughout South African waters, usually well offshore)[4][104]
  • Southern opah, Lampris immaculatus Gilchrist, 1904 (circumglobal south of 30°S)[4]

Family Lophotidae – crestfishes

  • Unicorn crestfish, Eumecichthys fiski (Günther, 1890) (1 specimen, Kalk Bay in False Bay)[4]
  • Crestfish, Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 (Cape to Plettenberg Bay, rare but widely distributed in all oceans)[4]

Family Radiicephalidae – tapertails

Family Regalecidae – oarfishes

Family Trachipteridae – ribbonfishes

Family Ceratiidae – seadevils

  • Deepsea angler, twoclub angler, Ceratias holboelli Krøyer, 1845 (single specimen off Cape Town at 34°12'S, 16°35'E; nearly cosmopolitan in the world's oceans)[4][106]
  • Ceratias tentaculatus (Norman, 1930) (off Saldanha Bay, off southern Natal, off Delagoa Bay and throughout southern oceans)[4]
  • Triplewart seadevil, Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883 (off Cape of Good Hope, all major oceans)[4][107]

Family Himantolophidae – footballfish

Family Melanocetidae – devil-anglers

Order Lophiiformes

Family Antennariidae – anglers

Family Lophiidae – monks[109]

  • Blackmouth angler, Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (Indo-West Pacific south to False Bay)[4][110]
  • Monkfish, devil anglerfish, Lophius vomerinus (Valenciennes, 1837), syn. Lophius upsicephalus (off Cape of Good Hope; eastern South Atlantic and south western Indian Ocean off South Africa; Bay of Bengal off Burma)[4][111] also recorded as Lophius sp.[23]
Order Mugiliformes

Family Mugilidae[112]

Order Myctophiformes

Family Myctophidae – lanternfishes

  • Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr, 1928) (off Cape Peninsula and in Agulgas current; Atlantic (40°N – 02°S and 32° to 40°S); Indian Ocean (21° – 30°S); west coast of Australia and near Hawaii)[4]
  • Diaphus effulgens (Goode and Bean, 1896) (off all SA coasts)[4]
  • Diaphus mollis Tåning, 1928 (off all SA coasts, broadly tropical distribution in all major oceans)[4]
  • Diaphus taaningi Norman, 1930 (over west coast continental shelf/slope southward to 24°S. Amphitropical species in Atlantic (western sector); tropical waters to 42°N; eastern sector: southward from Mauretanian upwelling region to South African region)[4]
  • Electrona risso (Cocco, 1829) (off east and west coasts of South Africa. Widespread in Atlantic (55°N – 40°S), Mediterranean, Indian Ocean (0° – 40°S), Tasman sea and Cook Strait, and eastern Pacific (42°N – 20°S))[4]
  • Gonichthys barnesi Whitley, 1943 (off east and west coasts, south of 30°S. Convergence species in all 3 oceans (30° – 40°S))[4]
  • Gymnoscopelus braueri (Lönnberg, 1905) (circumglobal between Subtropical convergence and Antarctica)[4]
  • Hygophum hanseni (Tåning, 1932) (from 30°S on west coast to 33°S on east coast. Convergence species (30° to 43°S) in all 3 oceans)[4]
  • Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892) (west of Cape Peninsula and off east coast (25° – 37°S))[4]
  • Hygophum proximum Bekker, 1965) (south to about 37°S in Agulhas current; Indian Ocean (25°N – 10°S))[4]
  • Lampadena notialis Nafpaktitis and Paxton, 1968 (Off east coast and Cape Peninsula; convergence species in all 3 oceans)[4]
  • Mirror lampfish, mirror lanternfish, Lampadena speculigera Goode and Bean, 1896 (off west and southeast coasts. Atlantic (66° – 35°N and 35° – 45°S), Indian Ocean (30° to 45°S) and Pacific Ocean (30° – 45°S))[4][114]
  • Hector's lanternfish, Lampanyctodes hectoris (Günther, 1876), (TMNP MPA).[23]
  • Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean, 1896 (off all South African coasts; Atlantic (46°N – 38°S), Indian Ocean (0° – 39°S)[4]
  • Southern lanternfish, Lampanyctus australis Tåning, 1932 (off all South African coasts; circumglobal convergence species (33° – 43°S with northern extension to about 27°S in eastern boundary currents))[4][115]
  • Lampanyctus festivus Tåning, 1928 (off all South African coasts. Atlantic(53° – 18°N and 28° – 40°S with northern extension to 12°S in Benguela current and Indo-West Pacific.)[4]
  • Lampanyctus lepidolychnus Bekker, 1967 (off all South African coasts, circumglobal convergence species (23° – 48°S))[4]
  • Rakery beaconlamp, Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode and Bean, 1896) (west of Cape Peninsula, circumglobal between subtropical convergence and Antarctic polar front)[4][116]
  • Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890) (off all South African coasts. Bisubtropical species in all major oceans)[4]
  • Lampichthys procerus (Brauer, 1904) (off Cape Peninsula, circumglobal convergence species (32° – 48°S) with extensions into lower latitudes in eastern boundary currents)[4]
  • Lobianchia dofleini (Zugmayer, 1911) (off all South African coasts. Mediterranean, Atlantic (50°N – 40°S), Indian Ocean (23° – 38°S), Tasman sea and south Pacific(region of subtropical convergence))[4]
  • Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838) (off all South African coasts, worldwide in tropical/subtropical waters)[4]
  • Metelectrona ventralis (Bekker, 1063) (west of Cape Peninsula in southern Benguela upwelling region; circumglobal subantarctic species (36°-51°S))[4]
  • Myctophum phengodes (Lütken, 1892) (off all South African coasts)[4]
  • Myctophum selenops Tåning, 1928 (west of Cape peninsula in Agulhas water pockets)[4]
  • Nannobrachium atrum (Tåning, 1928), syn. Lampanyctus ater (off all South African coasts; Atlantic (58° – 17°N and 15° – 40°S) and Indian Ocean (12° – 44°S))[4][117]
  • Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer, 1904) (off all South African coasts)[4]
  • Patchwork lampfish, Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845) (off all South African coasts)[4][118]
  • Protomyctophum normani Tåning, 1932 (once west of Slangkop lighthouse; circumglobal convergence species (36° – 43°S))[4]
  • Scopelopsis multipunctatus Brauer, 1906 (off all South African coasts)[4]
  • Symbolophorus barnardi (Tåning, 1932) (off all South African coasts)[4]
Order Notacanthiformes

Family Halosauridae – halosaurs

Family Notacanthidae – spiny eels

Order Ophidiiformes

Family Aphyonidae – aphyonids

Family Bythitidae – bythitids or brotulas

Family Ophidiidae – cuskeels

Order Osmeriformes

Family Alepocephalidae – slickheads

Family Opisthoproctidae – barreleyes

Family Microstomatidae

Family Bathylagidae

  • Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929) recorded as syn. Bathylagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929) (off Cape Town, throughout tropical and subtropical seas)[4][129]
Order Ovalentaria incertae sedis

Family: Pseudochromidae – dottybacks Subfamily: Congrogadinae – snakelets

Order Perciformes

Suborder: Cottoidei[130]

Family: Psychrolutidae – fatheads

Family: Liparidae – snailfishes

Suborder Percoidei[132]

Suborder Serranoidei[133]

Family: Serranidae – rockcods (groupers) and seabasses

Subfamily: Epinephelinae

Subfamily: Serraninae

Suborder Scorpaenoidei

Family: Congiopodidae – horsefishes

Family: Scorpaenidae

Family: Sebastidae

Family: Tetrarogidae – waspfishes[136]

Family: Triglidae – gurnards[137]

Suborder: Uranoscopoidei[139]

Family: Ammodytidae – Sandlances[140]

Family: Uranoscopidae – Stargazers

Suborder: Zoarcoidei

Family: Zoarcidae – Eelpouts

Order Pleuronectiformes

Family Cynoglossidae

Family Soleidae – soles

Order Saccopharyngiformes

Family Cyematidae – arrow eels

Order Scombriformes

Family: Ariommatidae

Family: Bramidae – pomfrets[144]

Family: Caristiidae

Family: Centrolophidae – Ruffs

  • Black ruff, Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (Temperate waters of Australia, New Zealand, South America and South Africa, also North Atlantic and Mediterranean)[4]
  • Antarctic butterfish, Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1818) (Temperate waters; islands of south Atlantic and southern Indian oceans; New Zealand, southern Australia and South Africa)[4]
  • Schedophilus huttoni (Waite, 1910) (Circumglobal in southern ocean, taken off Cape Town, common off Namibia)[4]
  • Black butterfish or peregrine driftfish, Schedophilus velaini (Sauvage, 1879) (Gulf of Guinea, to South Africa)[4](syn. Hyperoglyphe moselii (Cunningham, 1910))
  • Flabby driftfish, Tubbia tasmanica Whitley, 1943 (Temperate waters of Southern Ocean; New Zealand, Tasmania and South Africa off Natal)[4]

Family: Chiasmodontidae – Swallowers[146]

Family: Gempylidae – snake mackerels[147]

Family: Nomeidae – Driftfishes[148]

Family: Pomatomidae – elf[149]

Family: Scombridae – tunas, mackerels and bonitos[150]

Subfamily: Gasterochismatinae

Subfamily: Scombrinae

Family: Stromateidae

Family: Tetragonuridae – Squaretails

Family: Trichiuridae – frostfishes[151]

  • Buttersnoek, Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) (Mediterranean, eastern Atlantic from Norway to South Africa, Australia and new Zealand)[4]
  • Cutlass fish, Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate waters)[4]
Order Siluriformes – catfishes

Family Ariidae – sea catfishes

Order Stomiiformes

Family Gonostomatidae – bristlemouths

Family Phosichthyidae – lightfishes

  • Ichthyococcus australis Mukhacheva, 1980 (circumglobal in subtropical convergence region of southern hemisphere with records between 30° and 40°S in Atlantic sector of our region)[4]
  • Slender lightfish Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838) (off Cape Point; all 3 major oceans)[4][154]

Family Sternoptychidae – hatchetfishes

Family: Stomiidae

Order Syngnathiformes

Family Centriscidae – snipefishes and shrimpfishes

Family Fistulariidae – flutemouths

  • Serrate flutemouth, Fistularia petimba Lacepède, 1803 (Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific oceans; east coast of Africa south to Mossel Bay; also reported from Walvis Bay and False Bay)[4]

Family Syngnathidae – seahorses and pipefishes

Order Tetraodontiformes

Family Diodontidae

Family Molidae[165]

Family Ostraciidae

Family Tetraodontidae – puffers

Order Zeiformes

Family Oreosomatidae

Family Zeidae

Reptiles

Mostly vagrant turtles and the occasional sea snake.

Family Dermochelyidae

Family Cheloniidae

Family Elapidae

Birds

As of 2022, 39 species of seabirds and shorebirds are known to use the marine protected area.

12 species of seabird nest in the TMNP MPA, six of these are endemic to the region. Four of the endemics are listed as endangered, one is near threatened, and one is of least concern.

Order Charadriiformes

Family: Charadriidae

Family Laridae

Family Scolopacidae

Family Stercorariidae

Order Ciconiiformes

Family Ardeidae

Order Pelecaniformes

Family Anhingidae

Family Pelecanidae

Family Threskiornithidae

Order Phoenicopteriformes

Family Phoenicopteridae

Order Procellariiformes

Family Diomedeidae

Family Procellaridae

Family Hydrobatidae

Order Sphenisciformes – Penguins

Family: Spheniscidae

Order Suliformes

Family Sulidae – gannets and boobies

  • Cape gannet, Morus capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823), (Breeding: three islands off Namibia and three islands off South Africa. Otherwise: coastal waters off the Gulf of Guinea to Mozambique) Endangered.[3][167]

Family: Phalacrocoracidae – Cormorants

Mammals

Order Carnivora

Family Mustelidae – weasels and others

Subfamily Lutrinae – otters

Infraorder Pinnipedia – seals

Family Otariidae – eared seals

Family Phocidae – true seals

Order Cetartiodactyla

Infraorder Cetacea

Superfamily Mysticeti – baleen whales[171]

Family Balaenidae – right whales

  • Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis Desmoulins, 1822 (pelagic, Southern Ocean, winters along the South African coast from central Namibia to southern Mozambique )[3][170]

Family Balaenopteridae – rorquals

Family Neobalaenidae

Superfamily Odontoceti

Family Delphinidae – oceanic dolphins

Geographical position of places mentioned in species ranges

  • Agulhas Bank, Western Cape 35°30′S 21°00′E / 35.5°S 21°E / -35.5; 21
  • Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, 33°55′S 25°42′E / 33.917°S 25.700°E / -33.917; 25.700
  • Bashee River, Eastern Cape 32°15′S 28°54′E / 32.250°S 28.900°E / -32.250; 28.900
  • Beira, Mozambique19°50′S 34°51′E / 19.833°S 34.850°E / -19.833; 34.850
  • Blaauwberg, Western Cape, 33°48′S 18°27′E / 33.800°S 18.450°E / -33.800; 18.450
  • Cape Agulhas, Western Cape, 34°50′00″S 20°00′09″E / 34.83333°S 20.00250°E / -34.83333; 20.00250
  • Cape Columbine, Western Cape, 32°49′39″S 17°51′23″E / 32.82750°S 17.85639°E / -32.82750; 17.85639
  • Cape Frio, Namibia, 18°26′12″S 12°00′17″E / 18.43667°S 12.00472°E / -18.43667; 12.00472
  • Cape of Good Hope, Western Cape, 34°21′29″S 018°28′19″E / 34.35806°S 18.47194°E / -34.35806; 18.47194 (sometimes used historically to refer to the Cape Province, or South Africa)
  • Cape Peninsula, Western Cape 34°12′S 18°24′E / 34.200°S 18.400°E / -34.200; 18.400
  • Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape, 31°58′S 29°09′E / 31.967°S 29.150°E / -31.967; 29.150
  • Dassen Island, Western Cape, 33°25′S 18°5′E / 33.417°S 18.083°E / -33.417; 18.083
  • Dassie Point, False Bay,
  • Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, 25°59′S 32°42′E / 25.983°S 32.700°E / -25.983; 32.700
  • Doring Bay (Doringbaai), Western Cape, 31°49′S 18°14′E / 31.817°S 18.233°E / -31.817; 18.233
  • Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 29°51′S 31°01′E / 29.850°S 31.017°E / -29.850; 31.017
  • East London, Eastern Cape, 32°59′S 027°52′E / 32.983°S 27.867°E / -32.983; 27.867
  • Elands Bay, Western Cape, 32°18′S 18°19′E / 32.300°S 18.317°E / -32.300; 18.317
  • False Bay, Western Cape, 34°14′S 18°39′E / 34.233°S 18.650°E / -34.233; 18.650
  • Gordon's Bay Western Cape 34°10′00″S 18°52′00″E / 34.16667°S 18.86667°E / -34.16667; 18.86667
  • Hermanus, Western Cape, 34°25′S 19°14′E / 34.417°S 19.233°E / -34.417; 19.233
  • Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°03′30″S 18°21′20″E / 34.05833°S 18.35556°E / -34.05833; 18.35556
  • Inhaca, Mozambique, 26°0′S 32°55′E / 26.000°S 32.917°E / -26.000; 32.917
  • Jeffrey's Bay, Eastern Cape, 34°2′S 24°55′E / 34.033°S 24.917°E / -34.033; 24.917
  • Kei River, Eastern Cape, 32°40′35″S 28°23′10″E / 32.67639°S 28.38611°E / -32.67639; 28.38611
  • Knysna, Western Cape, 34°05′02″S 23°03′37″E / 34.08389°S 23.06028°E / -34.08389; 23.06028
  • Kommetjie, Western Cape, 34°08′S 18°19′E / 34.133°S 18.317°E / -34.133; 18.317
  • Kosi Bay, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 26°54′06″S 32°51′59″E / 26.90167°S 32.86639°E / -26.90167; 32.86639
  • Lamberts Bay, Western Cape, 32°05′24″S 18°18′10″E / 32.09000°S 18.30278°E / -32.09000; 18.30278
  • Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape, 33°09′S 18°04′E / 33.150°S 18.067°E / -33.150; 18.067
  • Limpopo River, Mozambique, 25°10′S 33°35′E / 25.167°S 33.583°E / -25.167; 33.583
  • Lüderitz, Namibia, 26°38′53″S 15°9′34″E / 26.64806°S 15.15944°E / -26.64806; 15.15944
  • Mabibi, (Mbibi) Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 29°20′10″S 32°45′10″E / 29.33611°S 32.75278°E / -29.33611; 32.75278
  • Mazeppa Bay, Eastern Cape, 32°28′41″S 28°39′04″E / 32.478°S 28.651°E / -32.478; 28.651
  • Melkbosstrand, Western Cape, 33°43′38″S 18°26′06″E / 33.72722°S 18.43500°E / -33.72722; 18.43500
  • Miller's Point, Cape Peninsula, 34°13′51.6″S 18°28′26.4″E / 34.231000°S 18.474000°E / -34.231000; 18.474000
  • Mossel Bay, Western Cape, 34°11′S 22°08′E / 34.183°S 22.133°E / -34.183; 22.133
  • Möwe Point (Namibia),19°22′47.85″S 12°42′29.02″E / 19.3799583°S 12.7080611°E / -19.3799583; 12.7080611 (Möwe Point lighthouse)
  • Muizenberg, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°07′S 018°28′E / 34.117°S 18.467°E / -34.117; 18.467
  • Noordhoek, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, 34°07′S 18°21′E / 34.117°S 18.350°E / -34.117; 18.350
  • Olifants River (Western Cape) 31°42′S 18°13′E / 31.700°S 18.217°E / -31.700; 18.217
  • Onrust River, Western Cape, 34°25′8″S 19°10′44″E / 34.41889°S 19.17889°E / -34.41889; 19.17889
  • Orange River, Northern Cape, 28°38′S 16°27′E / 28.633°S 16.450°E / -28.633; 16.450
  • Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, 34°03′S 023°22′E / 34.050°S 23.367°E / -34.050; 23.367
  • Port Alfred, Eastern Cape, 33°36′15″S 26°54′12″E / 33.60417°S 26.90333°E / -33.60417; 26.90333
  • Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, 33°58′S 25°35′E / 33.967°S 25.583°E / -33.967; 25.583
  • Port Nolloth, Northern Cape, 22°15′S 16°52′E / 22.250°S 16.867°E / -22.250; 16.867
  • Port St. Johns, KwaZulu-Natal, 31°37′40″S 29°33′20″E / 31.62778°S 29.55556°E / -31.62778; 29.55556
  • Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 28°48′S 32°06′E / 28.800°S 32.100°E / -28.800; 32.100
  • Rooikrans, Cape Peninsula 34°20′28″S 18°28′23″E / 34.34111°S 18.47306°E / -34.34111; 18.47306
  • Saldanha Bay, Western Cape, 33°01′S 17°59′E / 33.017°S 17.983°E / -33.017; 17.983
  • Slangkop, Cape Peninsula, 34°08′54.59″S 18°19′11.89″E / 34.1484972°S 18.3199694°E / -34.1484972; 18.3199694
  • Smitswinkel Bay, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°16′S 18°28′E / 34.267°S 18.467°E / -34.267; 18.467
  • Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, 27°32′S 32°41′E / 27.533°S 32.683°E / -27.533; 32.683
  • Storms River, Eastern Cape, 34°01′15″S 23°54′10″E / 34.02083°S 23.90278°E / -34.02083; 23.90278
  • Strandfontein, False Bay, Western Cape, 34°05′22″S 18°33′18″E / 34.08944°S 18.55500°E / -34.08944; 18.55500
  • Strandfontein, Western Cape, 31°45′20″S 18°13′38″E / 31.75556°S 18.22722°E / -31.75556; 18.22722
  • Swakopmund, Namibia, 22°41′S 14°32′E / 22.683°S 14.533°E / -22.683; 14.533
  • Table Bay, Western Cape, 33°53′S 18°27′E / 33.883°S 18.450°E / -33.883; 18.450
  • Tsitsikamma, Eastern Cape, 34°01′18″S 22°53′44″E / 34.02167°S 22.89556°E / -34.02167; 22.89556
  • Umtata River 31°56′S 29°11′E / 31.933°S 29.183°E / -31.933; 29.183
  • Vulcan Rock, Cape Peninsula, 34°03′58″S 18°18′35″E / 34.06611°S 18.3097°E / -34.06611; 18.3097
  • Walvis Bay, Namibia, 22°57′22″S 14°30′29″E / 22.95611°S 14.50806°E / -22.95611; 14.50806
  • Windmill Beach Simon's Town, Cape Peninsula, 34°12′04″S 18°27′24″E / 34.201°S 18.45666667°E / -34.201; 18.45666667
  • Xora River, Eastern Cape, 32°09′00″S 28°59′00″E / 32.15°S 28.983333°E / -32.15; 28.983333

See also

References

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  25. ^ "Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  26. ^ "Epigonidae Poey, 1861". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  27. ^ "Acropomatiformes". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  28. ^ "Howella sherborni (Norman, 1930)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  29. ^ "Pentacerotidae Bleeker, 1859". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Polyprionidae Bleeker, 1874". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Scombropidae Gill, 1862". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  32. ^ "Bassanago albescens (Barnard, 1923)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  33. ^ "Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant, 1888)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  34. ^ "Bailly, N. (2013). Gnathophis capensis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  35. ^ "Nessorhamphus ingolfianus (Schmidt, 1912)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  36. ^ "Avocettina acuticeps". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  37. ^ "Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  38. ^ "Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  39. ^ "Ophichthus serpentinus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  40. ^ "Serrivomer beanii Gill & Ryder, 1883". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  41. ^ "Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  42. ^ "Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  43. ^ "Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  44. ^ "Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  45. ^ "Bathysauropsis gracilis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  46. ^ "Chlorophthalmus punctatus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  47. ^ "Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  48. ^ "Bathypterois filiferus Gilchrist, 1906". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  49. ^ "Bathypterois phenax Parr, 1928". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  50. ^ "Ipnops agassizii Garman, 1899". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  51. ^ "Scopelosaurus ahlstromi Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  52. ^ "Scopelosaurus hamiltoni (Waite, 1916)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  53. ^ "Scopelosaurus herwigi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  54. ^ "Scopelosaurus meadi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  55. ^ "Lestidiops jayakari jayakari (Boulenger, 1889)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  56. ^ "Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  57. ^ "Magnisudis prionosa (Rofen, 1963)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  58. ^ "Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  59. ^ "Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  60. ^ "Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, 1911". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  61. ^ "Lagiacrusichthys macropinna (Bussing & Bussing, 1966)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  62. ^ "Benthalbella macropinna Bussing & Bussing, 1966". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  63. ^ "Scopelarchus analis (Brauer, 1902)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  64. ^ "Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  65. ^ "Chatrabus felinus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  66. ^ "Cheilopogon altipennis (Valenciennes, 1847)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  67. ^ "Pavoclinus caeruleopunctatus Zsilavecz, 2001". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  68. ^ "Callionymidae Bonaparte, 1831". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  69. ^ "Coryphaenidae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  70. ^ "Echeneidae Rafinesque, 1810". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  71. ^ "Istiophoridae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  72. ^ "Rachycentridae Gill, 1896". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  73. ^ "Xiphiidae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
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  77. ^ "Oplegnathidae Bleeker, 1853". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  79. ^ "Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  80. ^ "Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  81. ^ "Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  82. ^ "Emmelichthyidae Poey, 1867". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  83. ^ "Haemulidae Gill, 1885". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
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  86. ^ "Monodactylidae Jordan & Evermann, 1898". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  87. ^ "Sciaenidae Cuvier, 1829". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  88. ^ "Spicara axillare (Boulenger, 1900)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species.
  89. ^ "Bregmaceros atlanticus Goode & Bean, 1886". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  90. ^ "Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  91. ^ "Coelorinchus acanthiger Barnard, 1925". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  92. ^ "Coelorinchus braueri Barnard, 1925". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  93. ^ "Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector, 1875)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  94. ^ "Kuronezumia leonis (Barnard, 1925)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  95. ^ "Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  96. ^ "Trachyrincus scabrus (Rafinesque, 1810)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  97. ^ "Melanonus gracilis Günther, 1878". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  98. ^ "Merluccius capensis Castelnau, 1861". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  99. ^ "Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  100. ^ "Antimora rostrata (Günther, 1878)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  101. ^ "Guttigadus globiceps (Gilchrist, 1906)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  102. ^ "Gobiesocidae Bleeker, 1859". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  103. ^ "Gobiiformes". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  104. ^ "Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  105. ^ "Agrostichthys parkeri (Benham, 1904)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  106. ^ "Ceratias holboelli Krøyer, 1845". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  107. ^ "Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  108. ^ "Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  109. ^ "Lophiidae Rafinesque, 1810". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  110. ^ "Lophiomus setigerus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  111. ^ "Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes, 1837". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  112. ^ "Mugilidae Jarocki, 1822". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  113. ^ "Liza richardsonii (Smith, 1846)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  114. ^ "Lampadena speculigera Goode & Bean, 1896". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  115. ^ "Lampanyctus australis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  116. ^ "Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode & Bean, 1896)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  117. ^ "Nannobrachium atrum (Tåning, 1928)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  118. ^ "Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  119. ^ "Aldrovandia affinis (Günther, 1877)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  120. ^ "Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant, 1888)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  121. ^ "Halosauropsis macrochir (Günther, 1878)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  122. ^ "Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (De Filippi & Verany, 1857)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  123. ^ "Megacataetyx niki (Cohen, 1981)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  124. ^ "Grammonus opisthodon Smith, 1934". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  125. ^ "Dicrolene multifilis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  126. ^ "Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  127. ^ "Selachophidium guentheri Gilchrist, 1903". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  128. ^ "Xenodermichthys copei (Gill, 1884)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  129. ^ "Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  130. ^ "Cottoidei". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  131. ^ "Psednos micrurus Barnard, 1927". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  132. ^ "Percoidei". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  133. ^ "Serranoidei". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  134. ^ "Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  135. ^ "Congiopodus spinifer (Smith, 1839)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  136. ^ "Tetrarogidae Smith, 1949". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  137. ^ "Triglidae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  138. ^ "Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
  139. ^ "Trachinoidei". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  140. ^ "Uranoscopoidei". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  141. ^ "Solea bleekeri Boulenger, 1898". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  142. ^ "Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  143. ^ "Neocyema erythrosoma Castle, 1978". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  144. ^ "Bramidae Bonaparte, 1831". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  145. ^ "Caristius fasciatus (Borodin, 1930)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  146. ^ "Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  147. ^ "Gempylidae Gill, 1862". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  148. ^ "Nomeidae Günther, 1860". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  149. ^ "Pomatomidae Gill, 1863". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  150. ^ "Scombridae Rafinesque, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  151. ^ "Trichiuridae Rafinesque, 1810". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  152. ^ "Cyclothone microdon (Günther, 1878)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  153. ^ "Sigmops bathyphilus (Vaillant, 1884)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  154. ^ "Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  155. ^ "Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  156. ^ "Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark, 1871)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  157. ^ "Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes, 1850". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  158. ^ "Argyropelecus gigas Norman, 1930". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  159. ^ "Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  160. ^ "Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  161. ^ "Stomias boa boa (Risso, 1810)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  162. ^ "Stomias longibarbatus (Brauer, 1902)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  163. ^ "Centriscops humerosus (Richardson, 1846)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  164. ^ Kuiter, R.H. 2009. Seahorses and their Relatives ISBN 9780977537211
  165. ^ "Molidae Bonaparte, 1835". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  166. ^ a b c d Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF). Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 7: Marine reptiles.
  167. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF). Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 5: Seabirds and shorebirds.
  168. ^ "Thalasseus bergii (Lichtenstein, 1823)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  169. ^ a b BirdLife International (2020). "Spheniscus demersus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22697810A157423361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697810A157423361.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  170. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kock, Alison; Stanbridge, Debbie; Brink, Rene; Holness, Stephen; Harris, Linda; Gardner, Kathryn; van Wilgen-Bredenkamp, Nicola; Mayekiso, Sisanda; Jones, Georgina. Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area – State of Knowledge Report March 2022 (PDF). Internal Report 01 / 2022 (Report). Pretoria: Scientific Services, South African National Parks. Appendix II, Table 6: Marine mammals.
  171. ^ "Mysticeti Flower, 1864". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  172. ^ "Cephalorhynchus heavisidii (Gray, 1828)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  173. ^ "Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  174. ^ "Sagmatias obscurus (Gray, 1828)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  175. ^ "Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Gray, 1828)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
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Deserts and xeric shrublands
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Marine ecoregions
Savanna
  • Andesite Mountain Bushveld
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  • Northern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Northern Zululand Sourveld
  • Nossob Bushveld
  • Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld
  • Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld
  • Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld
  • Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld
  • Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Polokwane Plateau Bushveld
  • Postmasburg Thornveld
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  • Southern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Springbokvlakte Thornveld
  • Stella Bushveld
  • Swaziland Sour Bushveld
  • Tembe Sandy Bushveld
  • Thukela Thornveld
  • Thukela Valley Bushveld
  • Tsende Mopaneveld
  • Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld
  • Tzaneen Sour Bushveld
  • Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland
  • VhaVenda Miombo
  • Waterberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld
  • Western Sandy Bushveld
  • Zeerust Thornveld
  • Zululand Coastal Thornveld
  • Zululand Lowveld
Grassland
  • Aliwal North Dry Grassland
  • Amathole Mistbelt Grassland
  • Amathole Montane Grassland
  • Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland
  • Barberton Montane Grassland
  • Basotho Montane Shrubland
  • Bedford Dry Grassland
  • Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland
  • Bloemfontein Dry Grassland
  • Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland
  • Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
  • Central Free State Grassland
  • Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland
  • Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland
  • Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos
  • East Griqualand Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Clay Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Highveld Grassland
  • Egoli Granite Grassland
  • Frankfort Highveld Grassland
  • Income Sandy Grassland
  • Ithala Quartzite Sourveld
  • KaNgwane Montane Grassland
  • Karoo Escarpment Grassland
  • Klerksdorp Thornveld
  • KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld
  • Leolo Summit Sourveld
  • Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland
  • Low Escarpment Moist Grassland
  • Lydenburg Montane Grassland
  • Lydenburg Thornveld
  • Mabela Sandy Grassland
  • Midlands Mistbelt Grassland
  • Mooi River Highland Grassland
  • Mthatha Moist Grassland
  • Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos
  • Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld
  • Northern Free State Shrubland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland
  • Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland
  • Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland
  • Queenstown Thornveld
  • Rand Highveld Grassland
  • Sekhukhune Montane Grassland
  • Senqu Montane Shrubland
  • Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld
  • Soweto Highveld Grassland
  • Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland
  • Stormberg Plateau Grassland
  • Strydpoort Summit Sourveld
  • Tarkastad Montane Shrubland
  • Tsakane Clay Grassland
  • Tsomo Grassland
  • uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland
  • Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland
  • Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland
  • Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland
  • Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland
  • Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld
  • Western Free State Clay Grassland
  • Western Highveld Sandy Grassland
  • Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland
  • Winburg Grassy Shrubland
  • Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland
  • Woodbush Granite Grassland
  • Xhariep Karroid Grassland
  • Zastron Moist Grassland
Fynbos
  • Agulhas Limestone Fynbos
  • Agulhas Sand Fynbos
  • Albertinia Sand Fynbos
  • Algoa Sandstone Fynbos
  • Atlantis Sand Fynbos
  • Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos
  • Boland Granite Fynbos
  • Breede Alluvium Fynbos
  • Breede Quartzite Fynbos
  • Breede Sand Fynbos
  • Breede Shale Fynbos
  • Canca Limestone Fynbos
  • Cape Flats Sand Fynbos
  • Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos
  • Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • De Hoop Limestone Fynbos
  • Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Elgin Shale Fynbos
  • Elim Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Garden Route Granite Fynbos
  • Garden Route Shale Fynbos
  • Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos
  • Greyton Shale Fynbos
  • Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos
  • Hangklip Sand Fynbos
  • Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos
  • Hopefield Sand Fynbos
  • Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos
  • Kango Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Knysna Sand Fynbos
  • Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos
  • Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
  • Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos
  • Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos
  • Montagu Shale Fynbos
  • Namaqualand Sand Fynbos
  • North Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Olifants Sandstone Fynbos
  • Overberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Peninsula Granite Fynbos
  • Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos
  • Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Potberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Robertson Granite Fynbos
  • South Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Southern Cape Dune Fynbos
  • Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Swartberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartland Alluvium Fynbos
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos
  • Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos
  • Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
Renosterveld
  • Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Breede Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Breede Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Ceres Shale Renosterveld
  • Eastern Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Kango Limestone Renosterveld
  • Langkloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld
  • Montagu Shale Renosterveld
  • Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld
  • Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
  • Robertson Granite Renosterveld
  • Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld
  • Ruêns Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Swartberg Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Swartland Granite Renosterveld
  • Swartland Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Uniondale Shale Renosterveld
  • Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Western Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
Succulent
Karoo
  • Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld
  • Agter-Sederberg Shrubland
  • Anenous Plateau Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland
  • Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland
  • Citrusdal Vygieveld
  • Die Plate Succulent Shrubland
  • Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo
  • Eastern Little Karoo
  • Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland
  • Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Hantam Karoo
  • Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland
  • Klawer Sandy Shrubland
  • Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld
  • Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo
  • Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland
  • Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld
  • Namaqualand Arid Grassland
  • Namaqualand Blomveld
  • Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld
  • Namaqualand Inland Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Shale Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland
  • Namaqualand Strandveld
  • Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland
  • Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland
  • Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland
  • Prince Albert Succulent Karoo
  • Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Red Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld
  • Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld
  • Robertson Karoo
  • Roggeveld Karoo
  • Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld
  • Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Steytlerville Karoo
  • Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo
  • Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland
  • Tanqua Karoo
  • Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland
  • Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland
  • Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld
  • Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland
  • Western Bushmanland Klipveld
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Western Little Karoo
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Albany
Thicket
and
Strandveld
  • Albany Arid Thicket
  • Albany Bontveld
  • Albany Mesic Thicket
  • Albany Valley Thicket
  • Baviaans Valley Thicket
  • Bethelsdorp Bontveld
  • Blombos Strandveld
  • Buffels Mesic Thicket
  • Buffels Valley Thicket
  • Cape Flats Dune Strandveld
  • Crossroads Grassland Thicket
  • Doubledrift Karroid Thicket
  • Eastern Gwarrieveld
  • Elands Forest Thicket
  • Escarpment Arid Thicket
  • Escarpment Mesic Thicket
  • Escarpment Valley Thicket
  • Fish Arid Thicket
  • Fish Mesic Thicket
  • Fish Valley Thicket
  • Gamka Arid Thicket
  • Gamka Valley Thicket
  • Geluk Grassland Thicket
  • Goukamma Dune Thicket
  • Gouritz Valley Thicket
  • Grahamstown Grassland Thicket
  • Grassridge Bontveld
  • Groot Brak Dune Strandveld
  • Hamburg Dune Thicket
  • Hartenbos Dune Thicket
  • Kasouga Dune Thicket
  • Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket
  • Lambert's Bay Strandveld
  • Langebaan Dune Strandveld
  • Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket
  • Motherwell Karroid Thicket
  • Nanaga Savanna Thicket
  • Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket
  • Overberg Dune Strandveld
  • Saldanha Flats Strandveld
  • Saldanha Granite Strandveld
  • Saldanha Limestone Strandveld
  • Saltaire Karroid Thicket
  • Sardinia Forest Thicket
  • St Francis Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Sundays Arid Thicket
  • Sundays Mesic Thicket
  • Sundays Valley Thicket
  • Thorndale Forest Thicket
  • Umtiza Forest Thicket
  • Vanstadens Forest Thicket
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Nama
Karoo
and
desert
  • Albany Broken Veld
  • Blouputs Karroid Thornveld
  • Bushmanland Arid Grassland
  • Bushmanland Basin Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Lower Karoo
  • Eastern Upper Karoo
  • Gamka Karoo
  • Kalahari Karroid Shrubland
  • Lower Gariep Broken Veld
  • Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
  • Northern Upper Karoo
  • Upper Karoo Hardeveld
  • Western Upper Karoo
  • Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld
  • Eastern Gariep Plains Desert
  • Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert
  • Helskloof Canyon Desert
  • Kahams Mountain Desert
  • Kwaggarug Mountain Desert
  • Namib Lichen Fields
  • Noms Mountain Desert
  • Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Richtersberg Mountain Desert
  • Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert
  • Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Western Gariep Hills Desert
  • Western Gariep Lowland Desert
  • Western Gariep Plains Desert
Azonal
  • Albany Alluvial Vegetation
  • Albany Dune Strandveld
  • Algoa Dune Strandveld
  • Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Bushmanland Vloere
  • Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Cape Inland Salt Pans
  • Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation
  • Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands
  • Cape Seashore Vegetation
  • Cape Vernal Pools
  • Drakensberg Wetlands
  • Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
  • Fynbos Riparian Vegetation
  • Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
  • Highveld Salt Pans
  • Lesotho Mires
  • Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
  • Muscadel Riviere
  • Namaqualand Riviere
  • Namaqualand Salt Pans
  • Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation
  • Namib Seashore Vegetation
  • Southern Kalahari Mekgacha
  • Southern Kalahari Salt Pans
  • Southern Karoo Riviere
  • Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation
  • Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands
  • Subtropical Salt Pans
  • Subtropical Seashore Vegetation
  • Tanqua Wash Riviere
  • Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
Forest
and
Coastal
belt
  • KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Wooded Grassland
  • Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld
  • Transkei Coastal Belt
  • Ironwood Dry Forest
  • Lowveld Riverine Forest
  • Mangrove Forest
  • Northern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Northern Coastal Forest
  • Northern Mistbelt Forest
  • Sand Forest
  • Scarp Forest
  • Southern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Southern Coastal Forest
  • Southern Mistbelt Forest
  • Swamp Forest
Subantarctic
biome
  • Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland
  • Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Fellfield
  • Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Mire
  • Subantarctic Polar Desert
not on
VEGMAP
South
African
National
Parks
Biosphere
reserves
Marine
protected
areas of
South
Africa
Coastal
Offshore
Management
organisations
Biodiversity research in SA
Research
organisations
Research
projects
Citizen science
databases
Botanical
gardens
Taxonomists
Regional biodiversity
Legislation
Publications
  • List of field guides to South African biota
  • Categories: Biodiversity of South Africa
  • Index
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