List of wars involving Portugal
The following is an incomplete list of wars involving Portugal.
County of Portugal (868–1139)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Battle of Aguioncha (966) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Kingdom of Galicia | Victory
|
Battle of Pedroso (1071) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Kingdom of Galicia | Defeat
|
Capture of Santarém (1111) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Almoravids | Defeat
|
Siege of Coimbra (1117) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Almoravids | Victory |
Battle of São Mamede (1128)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of Galicia | Portuguese rebels | Victory
|
Luso-Leonese War (1130–37) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Kingdom of León | Stalemate |
Battle of Cerneja (1139) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Kingdom of León | Victory
|
Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Battle of Ourique (1139) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Portugal | Almoravids | Victory
|
Battle of Valdevez (1140) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Kingdom of León | Victory
|
Siege of Lisbon (1142) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Taifa of Badajoz | Defeat |
Second Crusade (1147–50) Location: Middle East and North Africa (Near East, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt) and Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Jerusalem | Seljuk Empire | Status quo ante bellum
|
Conquest of Santarém (1147) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Taifa of Badajoz | Victory
|
Siege of Lisbon (1147) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Taifa of Badajoz | Victory
|
Luso-Leonese War (1167–1169)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Defeat |
| Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Victory
|
Raid of Ceuta (1180)[2] | Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Victory |
Battle of Silves (1182) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Defeat |
Siege of Santarém (1184) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of León | Almohad Caliphate | Victory
|
Third Crusade (1189) Location: Middle East (Levant and Anatolia), Mediterranean Europe (Sicily, Iberia, Balkans) | Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders from Germany, Hungary, France, Denmark, Italy, Spain and England | Almohad Caliphate | Victory
|
Almohad campaign in the Algarve (1190–1191) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Defeat
|
Battle of Alarcos (1195) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Almohad Caliphate Castilian rebels | Defeat |
Luso-Leonese War (1196–1200) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Kingdom of León | Status Quo Ante Bellum |
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Leonese volunteers French volunteers | Almohad Caliphate | Victory
|
Siege of Alcácer do Sal (1217) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Victory |
Siege of Faro (1249) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Victory
|
War of the Strait (1292–1350)
(1292–1350) Location: Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Gibraltar) | Crown of Aragon Supported by: | Marinid Sultanate | Victory
|
Luso-Castilian War (1295–1297) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Kingdom of Castile | Stalemate |
Luso-Castillian War (1336–39) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Crown of Castile | Defeat |
Battle of Río Salado (1340) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile | Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada | Victory
|
Battle of Guadalmesí (1342)[3] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Marinid Sultanate | Victory |
Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Republic of Genoa European crusaders | Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada | Victory
|
War of the Two Peters (1356–1375)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Castile Supported by: Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Granada | Crown of Aragon Supported by: Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of France | Indecisive
|
First Fernandine War (1369–1370)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Crown of Aragon | Crown of Castile | Defeat |
Second Fernandine War (1372–1373)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Crown of Castile | Defeat |
Third Fernandine War (1381–1382)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Crown of Castile | Defeat |
Portuguese interregnum (1383–1385)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Kingdom of England | Crown of Castile Supported by: Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon | Victory
|
Conquest of Ceuta (1415)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal | Marinid Sultanate | Victory
|
Siege of Ceuta (1419)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Marinid Sultanate Emirate of Granada | Victory
|
Irmandiño revolts (1431–69)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Andrade, Lemos and Moscoso families | Galician rebels | Victory |
Battle of Tangier (1437)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Marinid Sultanate | Indecisive
|
Conquest of Ksar es-Seghir (1458–1459)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Victory
|
Catalan Civil War (1462–72) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Principality of Catalonia | Forces of John II of Aragon | Defeat |
Siege of Tangier (1463–1464)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Marinid Sultanate | Defeat |
Anfa expedition (1468)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Victory |
Conquest of Asilah (1471)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Victory
|
Portuguese conquest of Tangier (1471)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Marinid Sultanate | Victory
|
War of the Castilian Succession (1475–1479) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of France | Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon | Indecisive
|
Siege of Ceuta (1476)[4]
Location: North Africa | Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile (Juana Supporters) | Marinid Sultanate | Victory |
Battle of Guinea (1478)
Location: Gulf of Guinea | Kingdom of Portugal | Crown of Castile | Victory |
Ottoman conquest of Otranto (1480–81) Location: Italian Peninsula | Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Portugal | Ottoman Empire | Victory
|
Chaouia expedition (1487)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Victory |
Siege of Graciosa (1489)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Defeat |
Targa expedition (1490)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Victory |
First Luso-Malabarese War (1500–1513)
| Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Cannanore (until 1507) Kingdom of Tanur (1504 on) | Kingdom of Calicut Vassal Malabari states (up to 1504)
Supported by: Arab privateers | Victory Start of Portuguese presence in Asia, Portuguese India and Malabarese–Portuguese conflicts. |
Battle of Mers-el-Kébir (1501) Location: North Africa (modern Algeria) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Kingdom of Tlemcen | Defeat |
First Battle of Cannanore (1501) Location: Asia, Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire
| Kingdom of Calicut | Victory |
Battle of Tanger (1502) Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Portugal | Wattasids | Defeat |
Battle of Calicut (1503) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire
| Kingdom of Calicut Arab privateers | Victory |
Battle of Pandarane (1504) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire
| Mamluk Sultanate | Victory
|
Battle of Cochin (1504) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portugal Kingdom of Cochin | Kingdom of Calicut Vassal Malabari states
| Victory |
Battle of Mombasa (1505) Location: East Africa (modern Kenya) | Portuguese Empire
| Mombasa Sultanate | Victory |
Portuguese-Mamluk naval war (1505–1517) Location: Asia, Indian Ocean | Portugal | Mamluk Sultanate Kingdom of Calicut Bijapur Sultanate Gujarat Sultanate Supported by Republic of Venice | Victory
|
Siege of Anjadiva (1506) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Bijapur Sultanate | Defeat |
Battle of Barawa (1507) Location: East Africa (modern Somalia) | Portuguese Empire | Ajuran Sultanate | Victory
|
Ajuran-Portuguese wars (1507–1542) Location: East Africa (modern Somalia) | Kingdom of Portugal | Ajuran Sultanate Ottoman Empire[6][full citation needed][7] | Victory |
Battle of Socotra (1507) Location: Socotra (between Guardafui Channel and Arabian Sea) | Portuguese Empire | Mahra Sultanate | Victory |
Capture of Ormuz (1507) Location: Asia, Persian Gulf (Hormuz Island) | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Ormus Safavid Empire | Victory
|
Persian–Portuguese wars (1507–1622) Location: Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean (modern Iran) | Portuguese Empire Supported by: Spanish Empire (since 1580) | Safavid Empire Omani Empire Supported by:
| Defeat
|
Siege of Cannanore (1507) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Cannanore | Victory |
Battle of Dabul (1508) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Bijapur Sultanate | Victory |
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts (1508–1573)
Location: Indian subcontinent (Gujarat) | Portuguese Empire | Gujarat Sultanate Supported by: Kingdom of Calicut Mamluk Sultanate (until 1517) Ottoman Empire (since 1517) | Victory
|
Sieges of Asilah (1508–1509)
Location: North Africa | Kingdom of Portugal | Wattasids | Victory |
Malay-Portuguese conflicts (1509–1641)
Location: Southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula, Straits of Malacca (modern Malaysia, Singapore and western Indonesia) | Portuguese Empire Supported by: | Supported by:
| Stalemate
|
Portuguese conquest of Goa (1510) Location: Indian subcontinent | Kingdom of Portugal | Bijapur Sultanate | Victory
|
Capture of Malacca (1511) Location: Malacca City (modern Malaysia) | Kingdom of Portugal | Malacca Sultanate | Victory
|
Siege of Aden (1513) Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen) | Portuguese Empire | Yemeni Tahirids | Defeat |
Battle of Azemmour (1513)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids | Victory
|
Battle of Tednest (1514)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Saadi Sultanate | Victory |
Raid of Marrakesh (1515)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Hintata Supported by: | Defeat |
Battle of Mamora (1515)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
| Wattasids Supported by Abda Doukkala | Defeat |
Expedition against Oulad Amrane(1516) Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal | Oulad Amrane | Defeat |
Siege of Goa (1517) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Bijapur Sultanate | Victory |
Battle of Zeila (1517) Location: East Africa (modern Somaliland) | Portuguese Empire | Adal Sultanate | Victory |
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts (1518–1658)
Location: Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Sitawaka Supported by: Dutch East India Company (From 1638) | Stalemate
|
Acehnese–Portuguese conflicts (1519–1639)
Location: Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and Strait of Malacca (modern western Indonesia and Peninsular Malaysia) | Portuguese Empire Supported by:
| Sultanate of Aceh Supported by: | Inconclusive
|
Portuguese conquest of Bahrain (1521) Location: Eastern Arabia, Persian Gulf (Bahrain) | Portuguese Empire | Jabrids | Victory |
Battle of Tunmen (1521) | Portuguese Empire | Ming China | Defeat
|
Battle of Sincouwaan (1522) | Portuguese Empire | Ming China | Defeat |
Battle of al-Shihr (1523) Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen) | Portuguese Empire | Kathiri Sultanate | Victory |
Siege of Calicut (1526)
Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Zamorin of Calicut | Defeat |
Conquest of Sunda Kelapa (1527) | Portuguese Empire | Demak Sultanate | Defeat |
Battle of Mombasa (1528) Location: East Africa (modern Kenya) | Portuguese Empire Supported by: | Mombasa Sultanate | Victory |
Siege of Bahrain (1529) Location: Eastern Arabia, Persian Gulf (Bahrain) | Portuguese Empire | Bahraini rebels | Defeat |
Abyssinian–Adal war (1529–1543)
Location: East Africa (modern Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea) | Ethiopian Empire Kingdom of Portugal (1542–43) | Adal Sultanate Ottoman Empire (1542–43) | Inconclusive
|
Spanish-Ottoman War (1529–1541)
Location: Mediterranean Sea, North Africa | Empire of Charles V
Kingdom of France (until 1534) | Ottoman Empire Arab irregulars Kingdom of France (since 1535) | Stalemate
|
Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts (1530–1605) Location: Maluku Islands, (modern eastern Indonesia) | Portuguese Empire Spanish Empire Sultanate of Tidore | Sultanate of Ternate Dutch East India Company | Defeat |
Battle of al-Shihr (1531) Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen) | Portuguese Empire | Ottoman Empire | Defeat |
Siege of Diu (1531) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Gujarat Sultanate | Defeat |
French invasions to Colonial Brazil (1531–1615)
Location: South America, Brazil | Portuguese Empire Indian allies | France Indian allies
| Victory
|
Spanish Jailolo-Portuguese Ternate war (1533) Location: Maluku Islands, (modern eastern Indonesia) | Sultanate of Ternate | Sultanate of Tidore | Stalemate |
Iguape War (1534–1536) Location: South America, Brazil | Kingdom of Portugal | Spanish Empire
| Victory |
Battle of Tidore (1536)
Location: Maluku Islands, (modern eastern Indonesia) | Portuguese Empire | Ternate loyal to Dayal Kingdom of Vaigama[17] Kingdom of Vaigue[17] Kingdom of Quibibi[17] Kingdom of Mincibo[17] | Victory |
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)
Location: Persian Gulf, Horn of Africa, Red Sea and India | Kingdom of Portugal | Ottoman Empire Gujarat Sultanate | Victory
|
Fall of Agadir (1541)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Portuguese Empire | Saadi Sultanate | Defeat |
Battle of Benadir (1542) Location: East Africa (modern Somalia) | Portuguese Empire | Ajuran Sultanate | Victory |
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)[18] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Thailand) | Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) Supported by: Portuguese Empire | Toungoo dynasty (Burma) | Victory
|
Battle of al-Shihr (1548) Location: Arabian Peninsula (modern Yemen) | Portuguese Empire | Kathiri Sultanate | Victory |
Battle of Shuangyu (1548)
| Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates) Portuguese pirates | Ming China | Defeat |
Incident of Dongshan Peninsula (1549)
| Wokou Portuguese merchants | Ming China | Defeat
|
Battle of the Bay of Velez (1553) Location: North Africa, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera | Kingdom of Portugal | Ottoman Empire | Defeat |
Tamoyo Confederation (1554–1567) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Tupinambá people | Victory |
Aimoré War (1555–1673) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Aimoré people | Victory |
Siege of Piratininga (1555–1736) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Guarulho people Guaianá people Carijó people | Victory
|
Siege of Kotte (1557–1558) Location: Sri Lanka | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Sitawaka | Victory |
Bandeirantes raids from Brazil to Spanish domains (1557–18th century) Location: South America (mostly Amazon Forest) | Portuguese Empire | Spain
| Stalemate
|
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1558–1566) Location: Indian Ocean | Kingdom of Portugal | Ottoman Empire Ajuran Sultanate | Victory |
Battle of Mulleriyawa (1559) Location: Sri Lanka | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Sitawaka | Defeat
|
Siege of Moji (1561) Location: Asia–Pacific, Japan | Ōtomo clan | Mōri clan | Defeat |
Siege of Mazagan (1562)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Portuguese Empire
| Saadi Sultanate | Victory |
Battle of Fukuda Bay (1565) Location: Asia–Pacific, Japan | Kingdom of Portugal | Matsura Takanobu Clan | Victory |
Blockade of Cebu (1568)
Location: Philippines | Portuguese Empire | Spanish Empire | Defeat |
Battle of Aceh (1569) | Kingdom of Portugal | Sultanate of Aceh | Victory
|
War of the League of the Indies (1570 – 1574) Location: Indian Ocean, Western India and the Straits of Malacca | Kingdom of Portugal | Sultanate of Bijapur Sultanate of Ahmadnagar Zamorin of Calicut Sultanate of Aceh Co-belligerents: Princely states of the Kanara coast | Victory |
Battle of Alcácer Quibir (1578)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Kingdom of Portugal
Moorish Allies | Saadi Sultanate Supported by: | Defeat
|
War of the Portuguese Succession (1580–1583) Location: Iberian Peninsula, Azores | Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato France England United Provinces | Crown of Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain | Decisive defeat for António, Prior of Crato |
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1580–89)
Location: East Africa, Swahili coast and Indian Ocean | Kingdom of Portugal | Ottoman Empire | Victory
|
Siege of Daman (1581)
Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Mughal Empire | Victory |
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
Location: Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Western Europe, Azores, Canary Islands, Ibero-America. | Spanish Empire
co-belligerent
| Kingdom of England Ireland co-belligerent | Indecisive |
Battle of Leitao Coast (1586) Location: Persian Gulf, Kish Island (Iran) | Portuguese Empire | Arab Niquilus | Defeat |
Siege of Johor (1587) Location: Malay Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Johor Sultanate | Victory |
Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)[19] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Cambodia) | Kingdom of Cambodia Supported by: Spanish Empire | Ayutthaya Kingdom | Defeat
|
Cambodian–Spanish War (1593–97) Location: Southeast Asia (modern Cambodia) | Spanish Empire
Cambodian allies | Cambodia Supported by: Johor Sultanate (Muslim Malay merchants) Kingdom of Champa (Muslim Cham merchants) | Defeat |
Campaign of Danture (1594) Location: Sri Lanka | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Kandy | Defeat
|
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600) | Portuguese Empire | Spanish Empire | Victory
|
Dutch–Portuguese War (1598–1663)
Europe
South America
Africa
Asia
| Kingdom of Portugal
Supported by:
| Dutch Republic Supported by:
| Indecisive
|
Siege of Kottakkal (1599–1600) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Kunjali Marakkar forces | Victory |
Palmares War (early 17th century–1695) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Quilombo dos Palmares | Victory |
Nossa Senhora da Graça incident (1610) | Portuguese Empire | Tokugawa shogunate | Defeat |
Battle of Swally (1612) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | English East India Company | Defeat |
Cummean Revolt (1617–1621) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Tupinambá people | Victory |
Sack of Madeira (1617) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Ottoman Empire | Defeat |
Tupinambá Revolt (1618) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Tupinambá people | Victory |
Tupinambás Uprising (1617–1621)
Location: Brazil | Kingdom of Portugal | Tupinambá rebel forces under tuxaua (cacique) Cabelo de Velha | Victory |
1st Danish expedition to India (1618–1620) Location: Sri Lanka | Portuguese Empire | Denmark-Norway Supported by: Dutch East India Company | Portuguese militar victory Danish political victory |
Sino-Dutch conflicts (1620s–1670s) Location: Asia–Pacific, China | Ming China | Dutch East India Company Chinese pirates | Victory |
Capture of Ormuz (1622) Location: Persian Gulf | Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: Spanish Empire | Safavid Empire English East India Company | Defeat
|
First Kongo-Portuguese War (1622–1623) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola and Congo region) | Kingdom of Portugal | Kingdom of Kongo | Status quo ante bellum
|
Spanish-Siam War Location: Southeast Asia (modern Thailand) | Iberian Union | Siam | Defeat
|
Battle of Duyon River (1629) Location: Malay Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal | Sultanate of Aceh | Decisive Victory
|
Motim das Maçarocas (1629) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Iberian Union | Portuguese independentists | Victory |
Mombasa war (1631–32) Location: East Africa (modern Kenya) | Portuguese Empire | Mombasa Sultanate | Victory
|
Siege of Hooghly (1632)
Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Mughal Empire | Defeat |
Portuguese expedition to Mombasa of 1632
Location: East Africa (modern Kenya) | Portuguese Empire | Omani Empire | Defeat |
Manuelinho Revolt (1637) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Iberian Union | Portuguese independentists | Victory |
Battle of Gannoruwa (1638) Location: Sri Lanka | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Kandy | Defeat
|
Siege of Daman (1638–1639) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Mughal Empire | Victory |
Mazagan Ambush (1640)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Portuguese Empire | Republic of Salé | Defeat |
Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal
| Crown of Spain (Castile and Aragon) | Victory
|
Battle of Mbororé
Location: South America (modern Misiones Province, Argentina) | Portuguese Empire | Spanish Empire | Defeat |
Acclamation of Amador Bueno (1641) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Nativists | Victory
|
Siege of Muscat (1650) Location: Gulf of Oman | Portuguese Empire | Omani Empire | Defeat
|
Cachaça Revolt (1660–1661) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Rio de Janeiro Rebels | Victory |
Raid of Tangier (1662) Location: North Africa (Morocco) | Portuguese Empire Supported by: | Khadir Ghaïlan forces Supported by: | Stalemate
|
Kongo Civil War (1665–1709) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola and Congo region) | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Kongo Kimpanzu dynasty forces Kinlaza dynasty forces Soyo and Ngoyo Supported by: | Stalemate
|
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts (1666–1758) Location: Indian subcontinent | Zamorin | Dutch Republic | Defeat |
Conjuration of Our Father (1666) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Pernambuco Rebels | Victory
|
Battle of Pungo Andongo (1671) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola) | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Ndongo | Victory |
Battle of Katole (1681) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola) | Portuguese Empire | Kingdom of Matamba | Pirric Victory |
Barbarians' War (1683–1713) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Confederation of the Cariris | Victory |
Maratha–Portuguese War (1683–1684) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Maratha Confederacy | Victory
|
Beckman Revolt (1684) Location: Brazil | Portuguese Empire | Maranhão Rebels | Victory |
Mughal–Portuguese War (1692–1693)
Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Mughal Empire | Victory
|
Taro Revolt (1694–1695) Location: Azores | Portugal | São Jorge peasants | Victory |
Battle of Daman (1694) Location: India | Portuguese Empire | Omani Empire | Victory |
Omani–Portuguese conflict (1696–1714)
Location: Indian Ocean, Southeast Africa, India | Portuguese Empire
| Omani Empire | Indecisive
|
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) On South America:
| Spain loyal to Charles Great Britain (formed in 1707)[27]
Dutch Republic co-belligerent:[28]
| Spain loyal to Philip Bavaria (until 1704) Duchy of Mantua (until 1708) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702) co-belligerent:[28]
| Political victory for Philip Military victory for Charles Treaties of Utrecht, Rastatt, and Baden:
|
Mura War (18th century) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Mura people | Victory |
War of the Emboabas (1707–1709) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Paulistas (Bandeirantes) | Victory
|
Mascate War (1710–1711) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Vila de Olinda | Victory
|
Salt Revolt (1710–1720) Location: Brazil | Portugal | São Paulo Rebels | Victory |
Mandu Ladino Revolt (1712–1719) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Tupi people | Victory |
Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718) Location: Peloponnese, Aegean Sea, Ionian Islands, Dalmatia | Republic of Venice Austria (from 1716) Kingdom of Portugal Order of Malta Papal States Spain | Ottoman Empire | Defeat |
Vila Rica Revolt (1720) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Supporters of Filipe dos Santos | Victory |
Manaó War (1723–1728) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Manaó people | Victory |
Expedition to Cabinda (1723) Location: Central Africa (modernAngola) | Portuguese Empire | British Empire | Victory
|
Maratha–Portuguese War (1725–1726)[29][full citation needed]Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Maratha Confederacy | Inconclusive
|
Terço Velho Motin (1728) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Terço Velho Regiment | Victory |
Portuguese-Omani conflict (1728–1729) Location: Indian Ocean, Southeast Africa | Portuguese Empire Swahili city-states rebels against Oman | Omani Empire Swahili city-states rebels against Portugal | Statu Quo Ante Bellum
|
Maratha–Portuguese War (1729–1732) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire Supported by: | Maratha Confederacy | Victory
|
Novas Conquistas (1729–1789) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire Supported by: Rajahnate of Soonda Kingdom of Sawantwadi | Kingdom of Mysore Maratha Empire | Victory |
Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–37) Location: South America, Río de la Plata Basin (modern Uruguay) | Portuguese Empire | Spanish Empire | Victory
|
Battle of Vasai (1739) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portuguese Empire | Maratha Confederacy | Defeat |
Naval Battle of Calicut (1752) Location: Indian subcontinent | Portugal | Maratha Empire | Victory |
Guaraní War (1754–56) Location: South America, Misiones Orientales (modern Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil) | Portugal | Guaraní | Victory
|
Seven Years' War (1756–1763)
Location: Europe, North America, West Indies, South America, West Africa, India, Philippines | Great Britain Hanover | France Electorate of Saxony Sweden (1757–62) | Victory
|
First Curvelo Conspiracy (1760–1763) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Conspirators | Victory |
War of Galangue (1768–1769)[30]Location: Angola | Portuguese Empire | Galangue Kingdom | Victory
|
Inconfidence of Mariana (1769) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Inconfidents | Victory |
Siege of Mazagan (1769) Location: Morocco | Portuguese Empire | Sultanate of Morocco | Defeat |
First Luso-Ovimbo War (1774–1778) Location: Angola | Portuguese Empire | Ovimbundu Kingdoms
| Victory |
Inconfidence of Sabará (1775) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Inconfidents | Victory |
Second Curvelo Conspiracy (1776) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Conspirators | Victory |
Spanish-Portuguese War (1776–1777) Location: South America, Río de la Plata Basin (modern Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil) | Portuguese Empire | Spanish Empire | Defeat
|
Bombardment of Algiers (1784)
Location: North Africa (Algeria) | Spain Kingdom of Naples | Regency of Algiers | Victory |
Inconfidência Mineira (1789) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Inconfidents | Victory
|
War of the Pyrenees (1793–1795) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees | Spain Portugal[b] French Émigrés | France | Defeat |
Rio de Janeiro Conjuration (1794–1795) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Conjurates from Rio | Victory
|
1798 Revolt of the Alfaiates (1796–1799) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Conjurates from Bahia | Victory
|
Mediterranean campaign of 1798
Location: Mediterranean Sea | Great Britain | France Spain | Victory |
Conspiracy of the Suassunas (1800–1801) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Pernambuco rebels | Victory
|
War of the Oranges (1801)
Location: Iberian Peninsula, South America (Río de la Plata and Guiana region) | Portugal | Spain | Defeat in Europe Victory in South America
|
Invasion of Portugal (1807)
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Portugal | French Empire Spain | Defeat
|
Peninsular War (1808–1814)
Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France | Bourbon Spain | French Empire Bonapartist Spain Duchy of Warsaw Swiss Confederation | Victory |
Portuguese conquest of French Guiana (1809)
Location: South America (The Guianas) | Portugal | French Empire | Victory |
Battle of the Tiger's Mouth (1809–1810) Location: China (Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area) | Portugal | Red Flag Fleet | Victory |
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812)
Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Uruguay) | Portugal | United Provinces of the River Plate Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata | Inconclusive |
War of the Sixth Coalition (1813–1814)
Location: Europe | Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Austrian Empire United Kingdom Kingdom of Sweden Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal Two Sicilies Kingdom of Sardinia | First French Empire Napoleonic Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw[d] | Victory Treaty of Fontainebleau, First Treaty of Paris
|
War of the Seventh Coalition (1815)
Location: Europe | Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Austrian Empire United Kingdom Kingdom of Sweden Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal Two Sicilies Kingdom of Sardinia Netherlands | First French Empire Kingdom of Naples | Victory Second Treaty of Paris
|
Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental (1816 - 1820)
Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Uruguay and Argentina) | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves United Provinces of the Río de la Plata | Federal League
| Victory
|
Pernambucan Revolt (1817) Location: Brazil | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Rebels from Pernambuco | Victory
|
Lisbon Conspiration (1817) Location: Portugal | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Supremo Conselho Regenerador de Portugal e do Algarve | Victory
|
Oporto Liberal Revolution (1820) Location: Portugal | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Liberals | Defeat
|
Martinhada Revolt (1820) Location: Portugal | Junta Provisional do Governo Supremo do Reino
|
| Victory |
Liberal Revolution in Bahia and Grão-Pará (1821) Location: Brazil | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Captaincy of Bahia | Victory
|
Constitutionalist revolt of the slaves (1821–1822) Location: Brazil | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Minas Gerais slaves | Inconclusive
|
Brazilian War of Independence (1822–1824) Location: Brazil | Portugal | Empire of Brazil European mercenaries | Defeat
|
Vilafrancada (1823) Location: Portugal | Portugal | Miguelites | Victory |
April Revolt (1824) Location: Portugal | Portugal | Miguelites | Victory |
Liberal Wars (1828–1834)
Location: Iberian Peninsula (Portugal) | Liberal (Forces of Queen Maria II and Pedro IV) Supported by: Spain (Since 1834) United Kingdom France (Since 1830)Belgian volunteers (1832–1834)[31] | Miguelites (Forces of King Miguel) Supported by: Spain (Until 1833) | Liberal Victory
|
First Carlist War (1833–1840)
Location: Iberian Peninsula (Spain) | Carlists (Forces of Infante Carlos) Supported by: | Liberals (Forces of Queen Isabella II) Supported by: | Liberal Victory
|
Revolta dos Calcetas (1835) Location: Portugal | Portugal | Miguelites insurgents | Victory |
September Revolution (1836) Location: Portugal | Portugal | Septembrists (radical liberals) | Defeat
|
Marnotas Conspiracy (1837) Location: Portugal | Portugal | Miguelites insurgents | Victory |
Revolt of the Marshals (1837)
Location: Portugal | Portugal | Cartista insurgents | Victory |
Bolama Question (1838–1870) Location: West Africa, Guinea-Bissau | Portugal | United Kingdom | Victory
|
Torres Novas Revolt (1844) Location: Portugal | Portugal | Anti-Cabralism insurgents | Victory |
Patuleia (1846)
Location: Portugal | Forces of Queen Maria II
| Junta in Porto forces
| Moderate Liberal Victory |
Revolt of the Faitiões (1846) | Portugal | Chinese rebels | Victory |
Baishaling Incident (1849) | Portugal | China | Victory |
Guerras de Cassange (1850–62) Location: Angola | Portugal | Native peoples | Victory |
Guerras do Nano (1855–74) Location: Angola | Portugal | Native peoples | Victory |
Serpa Pinto Incident[33] (1889) Location: Southern Africa (modern Zambia) | Portugal | Kololo people | Inconclusive |
Anglo-Portuguese conflict on Manicaland[34] (1890–1891) Location: Southern Africa | Portugal | United Kingdom | Defeat
|
2nd Luso-Ovimbo War (1890–1904)
Location: Angola | Portugal | Ovimbundu Kingdoms | Victory |
31 January 1891 Revolt (1891) Location: Portugal | Kingdom of Portugal | Republicans | Victory |
Battle of Mufilo (1907) Location: Angola | Portugal | Ovambo | Victory |
Municipal Library Elevator Coup (1908) Location: Portugal | Kingdom of Portugal | Republicans | Victory |
5 October 1910 revolution (1910) Location: Portugal | Kingdom of Portugal | Republicans | Defeat
|
First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926)
Second Portuguese Republic (1933–1974)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|
February 1927 Revolt (1927) Location: Portugal | Military Dictatorship
| February 1927 movement
| Victory |
Fifis Revolt (1927) Location: Portugal | Military Dictatorship | Fascists | Victory |
Madeira uprising (1931) Location: Portugal | Military Dictatorship Supported by: United Kingdom | Paris League Republica da Atlantida | Victory |
26 Agost 1931 Insurrection (1931) Location: Portugal | Military Dictatorship | Buda Groups Paris League | Victory |
Milk Revolt (1936) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | Madeira protesters | Victory |
Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) Location: Spain | Spanish Nationalists
Italy | Spanish Republicans
| Victory
|
1936 Naval Revolt (1936) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | Organização Revolucionária da Armada | Victory |
Invasion of Timor (1942–45) [as neutral power of World War II]
Location: East Timor and Indonesia | Allies: Netherlands United Kingdom United States Portuguese Timor | Japan
| Status Quo Ante Bellum
|
Mealhada Revolt (1946) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | Left-wing rebels | Victory |
10 April 1947 Revolt (1947) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | Junta de Libertação Nacional | Victory |
Integration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954) Location: India | Portugal | India | Defeat
|
Viqueque rebellion (1959) Location: East Timor | Portugal | East Timorese rebels | Victory |
Angolan War of Independence (1961–1974)
Location: Angola | Portugal | MPLA FNLA UNITA FLEC | Military stalemate MPLA-Coalition Political victory
|
Annexation of Portuguese India (1961) Location: India | Portugal | India | Defeat
|
Beja Revolt (1961–1962) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | Democrat rebels | Victory |
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence (1963–1974)
Location: Guinea-Bissau | Portugal | PAIGC Guinea (1970 only) Cuba[36] Non-combat support: China[37][38][39] Soviet Union[40] Senegal[41] Libya[42][43] Algeria[44][45] Brazil[46] | PAIGC Political victory[47] Military stalemate[47]
|
Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974)
Location: Mozambique | Portugal | FRELIMO | Military stalemate FRELIMO Political victory[47]
|
Caldas Insurrection (1974) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | Portuguese Armed Forces rebels | Victory |
Carnation Revolution (1974) Location: Portugal | Estado Novo | AF Movement | Defeat
|
Portugal (1974–present)
See also
Notes
- ^ Unofficial Portuguese soldiers just helped the Zamorin.
- ^ See also: Auxiliary Army to the Crown of Spain [pt] (in Portuguese)
- ^ See also: Ushakov expedition [ru] (in Russian)
- ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, though most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon
- ^ The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.
- ^ a b c d 1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS
References
- ^ Antas, Mário Nuno; Ferreira, Sofia (October 2011), Guião Educativo da exposição "Um olhar sobre a Pré-História do Espichel" (PDF) (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Cubes de Arquelogia – Museu de Arqueologia, p. 9
- ^ Schäfer, Heinrich (1840). Histoire de Portugal: depuis sa séperation de la Castille jusqu'à nos jours (in French). Parent-Desbarres.
- ^ López Fernández, Manuel (2018). "Guadalmesí y Palmones: la influencia de dos batallas en la conquista de Algeciras (1342-1343)". E-Strategica: Revista de la AIHM (Siglos IV-XVI) (2): 63–88. ISSN 2530-9951.
- ^ Quesada, Miguel Ángel Ladero (1 January 2000). "Portugueses en la frontera de Granada". En la España Medieval (in Spanish). 23: 67. ISSN 1988-2971.
- ^ a b Barros (p. 140)[full citation needed]
- ^ The Portuguese period in East Africa – p. 112[full citation needed]
- ^ Welch, Sidney R. (1950). Portuguese rule and Spanish crown in South Africa, 1581–1640. Juta. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8426-1588-4.
- ^ Stanley, Bruce (2007). "Mogadishu". In Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 253. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
- ^ Knappert, Jan (1979). Four Centuries of Swahili Verse: A Literary History and Anthology. Heinemann. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-435-91702-9.
- ^ "Naskah Surat Sultan Zainal 'Abidin (Wafat 923 H/1518 M)". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Sultan Ma'ruf Syah, Semoga Allah Merahmatinya". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Hurst & Company. p. 89. ISBN 1850655227.
- ^ Historical dictionary of Ethiopia By David Hamilton Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky, Chris Prouty p. 171
- ^ a b Leslie Bethell: Colonial Brazil, Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 167.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco (16 February 2014). "The Portuguese in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco (16 February 2014). "The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, 1933, book VIII, p. 391.
- ^ Loureiro, Rui Manuel. Galiote Pereira_Algumas cousas sabidas da China_1992.
- ^ "Intrigue In Longvek- Iberians in 16th Century Cambodia ⋆ Cambodia News English". Cambodia News English CNE. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ Treaty of alliance between France and Portugal concluded at Paris, June 1, 1641. Davenport, Frances Gardiner: European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2012. ISBN 9781584774228, pp. 324-328
- ^ Birmingham, p. 51[full citation needed]
- ^ Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). The Territories and States of India (e-book ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 145. ISBN 9781135356255.
- ^ Poonen, T. I. (1978). Dutch Hegemony in Malabar and Its Collapse, A.D. 1663–1795. Department of Publications, University of Kerala. p. 70.
- ^ The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
- ^ a b From 1703 started the Rákóczi's War of Independence as a proxy conflict of the Habsburg-Bourbon conflict during Spanish Succession War. Spanish mercenaries fought in the Hungarian conflict for both sides due to alliances.
- ^ Lobato, 1965, p. 100.[full citation needed]
- ^ Blog TV Navegante. A Revolta do Mutu-ya-Kevela. 10 de março de 2017.
- ^ "Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars". 11 June 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ^ Bullón de Mendoza y Gómez de Valugera, Alfonso (1992). La primera guerra carlista. ISBN 978-84-87863-08-0.
- ^ a b Coelho, Teresa Pinto (18 October 2006). VI – Lord Salisbury's 1890 Ultimatum to Portugal and Anglo-Portuguese Relations (PDF). The Treaty of Windsor (1386) and 620 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Relations. St. Peter's College, Oxford: Instituto Camões Centre for Portuguese Language. Index to papers presented at the October 2006 Instituto Camões Centre for Portuguese Language Conference
- ^ M Newitt, (1995). A History of Mozambique, pp. 353–354.
- ^ Crocker, Chester A.; Fen Osler Hampson; Pamela R. Aall (2005). Grasping The Nettle: Analyzing Cases Of Intractable Conflict. p. 213.
- ^ References:
- "Cuba: Havana's Military Machine". The Atlantic, August 1988. "In Guinea-Bissau, Cuban combat units saw action, fighting with Amilcar Cabral's rebel army against Portuguese colonial rule."
- George, Edward (2012). The Cuban intervention in Angola, 1965–1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale. London: Routledge. p. 354. ISBN 9780415647106.
- ^ Guerrilla Warfare: A Historical and Critical Study, 1976. p. 362.
- ^ Peter van Ness (1971). Revolution and Chinese Foreign Policy: Peking's Support for Wars of National Liberation. p. 143.
- ^ Cuba in the World, 1979. pp. 95–96.
- ^ Amilcar Cabral (2002): Revolutionary Leadership and People's War. p. 86.
- ^ Guerrilla Strategies: An Historical Anthology from the Long March to Afghanistan, 1982. p. 208.
- ^ Qaddafi: his ideology in theory and practice, 1986. p. 140.
- ^ Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982, 1988. p. 70.
- ^ Modern African Wars: Angola and Moçambique 1961-1974, 1988. p. 12.
- ^ Wars in the Third World since 1945, 1995. p. 35.
- ^ Selcher, Wayne A. (1976). "Brazilian Relations with Portuguese Africa in the Context of the Elusive "Luso-Brazilian Community"". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 18 (1): 25–58. doi:10.2307/174815. JSTOR 174815.
- ^ a b c A Guerra - Colonial - do Ultramar - da Libertação, 2nd Season (Portugal 2007, director Joaquim Furtado, RTP)
- ^ "Indonesia 'bugged' Australia". The Age. 15 November 2004.
- ^ "The Collins allegations". Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability | We Hold That It is Possible to Build Peace, Create Security, and Restore Sustainability for All People in Our Time. 19 December 2011.
- ^ "PM - A look behind the 'Jakarta Lobby'". ABC Australia News.
- ^ "PM - Intelligence analyst blasts the DIO". ABC Australia News.
- ^ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- ^ "Operation Active Endeavour". NATO. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ^ a b Rwanda deploys troops to CAR under bilateral arrangement, The East African, 22 Dec 2020. Accessed 28 Dec 2020.
- ^ "Central African troops and Russian mercenaries accused of abuses in anti-rebel offensive". The New Humanitarian. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- ^ Sahinkaya, Ezel; Galperovich, Danila (9 May 2020). "Radical Russian Imperial Movement Expanding Global Outreach". Voice of America. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ Boukhris, Aza (24 August 2023). "L'incroyable constellation des groupes armés en Centrafrique". MondAfrique (in French).
- ^ "Morocco expresses full support for Central African Republic Peace Agreement". The North Africa Post. 17 November 2019.
Morocco has deployed 762 blue helmets in the MINUSCA, who, he said, have succeeded in establishing bonds of trust with local populations regardless of their religious affiliations, said Bourita.
- ^ "France suspends military, budgetary support to Central African Republic". Africa News. 8 June 2021.
- ^ Nzilo, Alain (13 March 2023). "Le Préfet du Haut-Mbomou sous pression : une nouvelle milice d'autodéfense locale, AZANDE ANI KPI GBE, appelle à son départ". Corbeaunews Centrafrique (in French). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "UN: Chad soldiers killed 30 in CAR". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
- ^ "Chad Sends More Troops to CAR Border". Defense Post. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
- ^ "Sudan paramilitary funnelling weapons into Central African Republic, UN report reveals". Middle East Eye. 9 August 2019.
- ^ "España promete ayuda militar y apoyo logístico a Mali en la guerra contra Ansar Dine". Cuartopoder (in Spanish). 13 January 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
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- ^ "JSCD updated on Op Vikela, South Africa's commitment to SADC Mission in Mozambique". defenceWeb. 6 August 2021.
- ^ Botswana Sends Nearly 300 Troops to Mozambique, Voice of America, 26 July 2021.
- ^ a b Sirwan Kajjo; Salem Solomon (7 June 2019). "Is IS Gaining Foothold in Mozambique?". Voice of America. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Mocimboa da Praia: Key Mozambique port 'seized by IS'". BBC News. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "Malawi Set to Send Troops to Fight Islamists in Mozambique Mid-Month". Nyasa Times. 4 December 2020 – via allAfrica.com.
- ^ Angola sending military advisors to Mozambique, Defence Web, 28 July 2021
- ^ "Military & Defense - Russia, Mozambique to step up military-technical cooperation". TASS. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ "Mozambique conflict: Why are US forces there?". BBC News. 21 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "US deploys Green Berets to defeat ISIS-linked insurgents accused of beheading children on a new front in southern Africa". Business Insider. 20 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "Portugal to help Mozambique train forces against militants". Reuters News. Reuters. 11 December 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Portugal to send troops to Mozambique after brazen Palma attack by Islamic insurgents". France 24. 30 March 2021.
- ^ Jane Flanagan (31 March 2021). "SAS joins hunt for missing British contractor Phil Mawer after Mozambique attack". The Times.
- ^ "Turkey ready to cooperate with Mozambique against terrorism". Daily Sabah. 2 April 2022.
- ^ "AU confirms ISIS infiltration in East Africa". The Independent (Uganda). 24 May 2018. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
- ^ a b West (2018), p. 6.
- ^ "Beheadings, kidnappings amid surge in Mozambique attacks: UN". Al Jazeera. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
Further reading
- West, Sunguta (14 June 2018). "Ansar al-Sunna: A New Militant Islamist Group Emerges in Mozambique" (PDF). Terrorism Monitor. 15 (12). Jamestown Foundation: 5–7. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
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