Mulachara
Jain text discussing the conduct of a Digambara monk
| Mulachara | |
|---|---|
| Information | |
| Religion | Jainism |
| Author | Acharya Vattakera |
| Language | Prakrit |
| Period | 150 CE |
| Chapters | 12 |
| Verses | 1243 |
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Mulachara (Mūlacāra) (Fundamental Conduct) is a Jain text composed by Acharya Vattakera of the Digambara tradition,[1] around 150 CE.[2][3] Mulachara discusses anagara-dharma – the conduct of a Digambara monk.[4] It consists twelve chapters and 1,243 verses on (mendicant discipline). It is also called Digambara Acharanga.[5]
The text is written in a dialect that is distinct but shares characteristics with Ardhamagadhi.[1] Its dialect has been called Digambara Sauraseni (or Jain Sauraseni) and proposed to reflect the language of ancient Mathura region by Indian scholars.[1] Many characteristics of the Mulachara manuscript, as found in Karnataka, share elements of monastic conduct found in Śvetāmbara scriptures.[1] Some of the verses of Mulaccara are almost same as those found in Śvetāmbara's Dasavaikalika. This suggests the existence of an ancient shared textual tradition between Digambaras and Śvetāmbara, one that likely split and differentiated later.[1][6]
Vasunandin wrote a Sanskrit commentary on the Mulacara, and it is titled Acaravrtti.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Dundas 2002, p. 80.
- ^ Jaini 1991, p. 47.
- ^ Bhakti in the Early Jain Tradition: Understanding Devotional Religion in South Asia, John E. Cort , History of Religions, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Aug., 2002), pp. 59-86
- ^ Mulachara Ka Samikshatmaka Adhyayana; Premi, Phulchand Jain, 1987
- ^ Jaini 1998, p. 79.
- ^ a b A.M. Ghatage (1954). Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Volume 16. Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. pp. 36–37.
Bibliography
- Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992], The Jains (Second ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-415-26605-X
- Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1991), Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-06820-3
- Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1998) [1979], The Jaina Path of Purification, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1578-5
- Vaṭṭakera. Mūlācāra, ed. K. Shastri, J. Shastri and P. Jain, 2 vols, New Delhi, 1984 and 1986.
Further reading
- Vaṭṭakera. Mūlācāra, ed. K. Shastri, J. Shastri and P. Jain, 2 vols, New Delhi, 1984 and 1986.
External links
- Hindi translation of Mūlacāra (Digital Library of India)
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† Tattvartha Sutra is accepted by both Digambara and Śvetāmbara as their texts, although Śvetāmbaras do not include it under canonical texts. | ||||||||||||||||
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