National Gazette
The November 14, 1791 issue of the National Gazette | |
Type | Semiweekly newspaper |
---|---|
Owner(s) | Philip Morin Freneau |
Editor | Philip Morin Freneau |
Founded | 1791 |
Ceased publication | 1793 |
Headquarters | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
The National Gazette was a Democratic-Republican partisan newspaper that was first published on October 31, 1791. It was edited and published semiweekly in Philadelphia by Philip Freneau until October 23, 1793.
The National Gazette was founded at the urging of Democratic-Republican leaders James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in order to counter the influence of the rival Federalist newspaper, the Gazette of the United States. Like other papers of the era, the National Gazette centered on its fervent political content. The Gazette's political content was often written pseudonymously, and was directed against the Federalist Party. Many prominent Democratic-Republicans contributed articles, often pseudonymously, including Madison and Jefferson.[1]
The Gazette is unique among early American partisan newspapers for being substantially supported by a major player within a sitting administration (then Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson) while simultaneously attacking that administration's own policies. Jefferson enticed Freneau to come to Philadelphia to edit the Gazette by hiring him as a translator at the United States Department of State for an annual salary of $250. Federalist writers, including Alexander Hamilton, attacked this as a conflict of interest. Hamilton and other Federalists also financially supported their own partisan newspaper, the Gazette of the United States,[2] although their publication did not attack Washington and his policies, but praised them effusively.
Freneau's Gazette spent much of its time criticizing the policies of the Washington administration. The paper described Alexander Hamilton's financial policies in 1792 as "numerous evils...pregnant with every mischief" and described George Washington's 61st birthday celebration as "a forerunner of other monarchical vices." The Gazette's strident polemics and screeds against the Washington administration led President Washington to despise the Gazette, and to refer to its editor pejoratively as "that Rascal Freneau."
The National Gazette unofficially stopped publishing in October 1793, two years after its establishment, citing "a considerable quantity of new and elegant printing types from Europe" to be obtained, but it is believed that the outbreak of yellow fever in Philadelphia, combined with dwindling subscriptions contributed to the paper's demise. In December 1793, Jefferson resigned as U.S. Secretary of State, ending Freneau's main source of income aside from the paper.
Another newspaper of the same name was being published in Philadelphia in 1830.[3]
Notes
- ^ Burns, p.281
- ^ Chernow, p.395
- ^ "(Untitled)". National Gazette (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). February 4, 1830. p. 2 – via newspapers.com.
References
- Burns, Eric (2007). Infamous Scribblers: The Founding Fathers and the Rowdy Beginnings of American Journalism. PublicAffairs. ISBN 1586484281.
- Chernow, Ron (2004). Alexander Hamilton. Penguin Books. ISBN 1594200092.
Further reading
- Pasley, Jeffrey L. (2000). "The Two National 'Gazettes': Newspapers and the Embodiment of American Political Parties". Early American Literature. 35 (1). University of North Carolina Press: 51–86. JSTOR 25057179.
- v
- t
- e
- 3rd President of the United States (1801–1809)
- 2nd Vice President of the United States (1797–1801)
- 1st United States Secretary of State (1790–1793)
- U.S. Minister to France (1785–1789)
- Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (1783–1784)
- 2nd Governor of Virginia (1779–1781)
- Delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
- Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention (1776)
documents of
the United States
- A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774)
- Olive Branch Petition (initial draft; 1775)
- Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (1775)
- Declaration of Independence (1776)
- Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
- Land Ordinance of 1784
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- Northwest Ordinance (1787)
- Co-author, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
- Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
- Louisiana Purchase
- Lewis and Clark Expedition
- Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
- Red River Expedition
- Pike Expedition
- Cumberland Road
- Embargo Act of 1807
- Chesapeake–Leopard affair
- Non-Intercourse Act
- First Barbary War
- Native American policy
- Burr conspiracy
- Marbury v. Madison
- West Point Military Academy
- State of the Union Addresses
- Cabinet
- Federal judicial appointments
accomplishments
- Early life and career
- Franco-American alliance
- Founder, University of Virginia
- Ratification Day
- Anti-Administration party
- Democratic-Republican Party
- Jeffersonian democracy
- Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States (1790)
- Residence Act
- Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
- A Manual of Parliamentary Practice (1801)
- American Creed
- Jefferson disk
- Swivel chair
- Megalonyx
architecture
- Barboursville
- Farmington
- Monticello
- Poplar Forest
- University of Virginia
- The Rotunda
- The Lawn
- Jefferson Hall
- Virginia State Capitol
- White House Colonnades
- The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
- Notes on the State of Virginia (1785)
- Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary (1786)
- European journey memorandums (1787)
- Indian removal letters
- The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (c. 1819)
- Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
- Founders Online
- Age of Enlightenment
- American Enlightenment
- American Philosophical Society
- American Revolution
- patriots
- Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
- Committee of the States
- Founding Fathers of the United States
- Historical reputation
- Jefferson and education
- Religious views
- Jefferson and slavery
- Jefferson and the Library of Congress
- Jefferson Pier
- Pet mockingbird
- National Gazette
- Sally Hemings
- Separation of church and state
- The American Museum magazine
- Tufton Farm
- Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
- Virginia dynasty
- Ward republic
memorials
- Bibliography
- Jefferson Memorial
- Mount Rushmore
- Birthday
- Thomas Jefferson Building
- Jefferson River
- Jefferson Territory
- Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
- Jefferson Lecture
- Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
- Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
- Statues
- Karl Bitter statues
- Hempstead statue
- Louisville statue
- University of Virginia statue
- David d'Angers statue
- Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
- Thomas Jefferson Foundation
- Jefferson Lab
- Monticello Association
- Jefferson City, Missouri
- Jefferson College
- Thomas Jefferson School of Law
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Washington and Jefferson National Forests
- Peaks and mountains
- Jefferson Rock
- Other placenames
- Jefferson–Jackson Day
- Currency depictions
- U.S. postage stamps
- Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
depictions
- The Patriots (1946 play)
- Ben and Me (1953 short)
- 1776
- 1969 musical
- 1972 film
- Jefferson in Paris (1995 film)
- Thomas Jefferson (1997 film)
- Liberty! (1997 documentary series)
- Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series)
- John Adams (2008 miniseries)
- Jefferson's Garden (2015 play)
- Hamilton
- 2015 musical
- 2020 film
- Washington (2020 miniseries)
- Wine bottles controversy
- Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
- Martha Jefferson (wife)
- Martha Jefferson Randolph (daughter)
- Mary Jefferson Eppes (daughter)
- Harriet Hemings (daughter)
- Madison Hemings (son)
- Eston Hemings (son)
- Thomas J. Randolph (grandson)
- Francis Eppes (grandson)
- George W. Randolph (grandson)
- John Wayles Jefferson (grandson)
- Frederick Madison Roberts (great-grandson)
- Peter Jefferson (father)
- Jane Randolph Jefferson (mother)
- Lucy Jefferson Lewis (sister)
- Randolph Jefferson (brother)
- Isham Randolph (grandfather)
- William Randolph (great-grandfather)
This article about a Pennsylvania newspaper is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- v
- t
- e