Oddino Morgari
Oddino Morgari (November 16, 1865 – November 24, 1944) was an Italian socialist journalist and politician. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1897 to 1929, for eight legislatures.
Early life
Initially a Mazzinian radical, he became a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in 1891, and was elected leader of its local section in Turin the following year. He began writing for ''La parola del Povero, the supplement of Grido del Popolo, the beginning of a career which brought him to the leadership of Avanti! in 1908, proving himself to be an advocate of incipient Social democracy (a reformist and pacifist).
Prominence
In 1911, Morgari inaugurated his activity as a "diplomat of Socialism" with a trip to the Far East, which would become his main preoccupation in the years of World War I; he took part in preparing the Zimmerwald Conference, celebrated the October Revolution and Bolshevist Russia, and signed the April 1, 1919 letter that declared the PSI adherence to the Comintern. Nevertheless, he remained inside the PSI when its Bolshevik factions left to form the Italian Communist Party.
He left the party in 1922 to join Filippo Turati and Claudio Treves in creating the Unitary Socialist Party (PSU). With Fascism and the March on Rome came a debate among socialists over the conflict and pacifism: in 1934, Morgari showed himself to be a partisan of an understanding with the Soviet Union, and called for defeatism to be applied as a revolutionary tactic in case Italy was to be led into war by Benito Mussolini. As the PSU re-entered the PSI in 1930, he became a member of the PSI Executive Committee in 1939 (together with Angelo Tasca and Giuseppe Saragat), as well as editor-in-chief of Avanti!.
References
- Biography at Marxists.org (in Italian)
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- Carlo Dell'Avalle (1892–1894)
- Filippo Turati (1895–1896)
- Enrico Ferri (1896)
- Carlo Dell'Avalle (1896–1898)
- Alfredo Bertesi (1898–1899)
- Enrico Bertini (1899–1900)
- Savino Varazzani (1900–1904)
- Enrico Ferri (1904–1906)
- Oddino Morgari (1906–1908)
- Pompeo Ciotti (1908–1912)
- Costantino Lazzari (1912–1918)
- Egidio Gennari (1918)
- Costantino Lazzari (1918–1919)
- Arturo Vella (1919)
- Nicola Bombacci (1919–1920)
- Egidio Gennari (1920–1921)
- Giovanni Bacci (1921)
- Domenico Fioritto (1921–1923)
- Tito Oro Nobili (1923–1925)
- Olindo Vernocchi (1925–1930)
- Ugo Coccia (1930–1932)
- Pietro Nenni (1933–1939)
- Giuseppe Saragat, Oddino Morgari and Angelo Tasca (1939–1942)
- Giuseppe Romita (1942–1943)
- Pietro Nenni (1943–1945)
- Sandro Pertini (1945)
- Rodolfo Morandi (1945–1946)
- Ivan Matteo Lombardo (1946–1947)
- Lelio Basso (1947–1948)
- Alberto Jacometti (1948–1949)
- Pietro Nenni (1949–1963)
- Francesco De Martino (1963–1968)
- Mario Tanassi (1966–1968)
- Mauro Ferri (1968–1969)
- Francesco De Martino (1969–1970)
- Giacomo Mancini (1970–1972)
- Francesco De Martino (1972–1976)
- Bettino Craxi (1976–1993)
- Giorgio Benvenuto (1993)
- Ottaviano Del Turco (1993–1994)
- Valdo Spini (1994)
- Italian Workers' Party
- Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
- Fasci Siciliani
- Avanti!
- Critica Sociale
- Red Guards
- Marxism
- Revolutionary socialism
- Maximalists
- National syndicalism
- Reformist socialism
- Social democracy
- Democratic socialism
- Division over World War I
- National Liberation Committee
- Italian resistance movement
- Craxism
- Sigonella incident
- Banco Ambrosiano scandal
- Mani pulite
- Italian Reformist Socialist Party
- Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria / Fasci Italiani di Combattimento / National Fascist Party / Republican Fascist Party
- Italian Communist Party / International Communist Party
- Unitary Socialist Party
- Maximalist Italian Socialist Party
- Socialist Unity
- Italian Democratic Socialist Party
- Italian Socialists / Italian Democratic Socialists / Socialist League
- Labour Federation
- Reformist Socialist Party
- Socialist Party / New Italian Socialist Party
- Italian Socialist Party (2007)
- Forza Italia (social-democrats faction)
- Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (social-democrats faction)
- Popular Democratic Front (1947-1948)
- Organic centre-left (1962-1976)
- Unified Socialist Party (1966-1971)
- Pentapartito (1981-1993)
- Alliance of Progressives (1994)