RAD1 homolog

RAD1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3A1J, 3G65, 3GGR
Identifiers
Aliases	RAD1, HREC1, RAD1 homolog, RAD1 checkpoint DNA exonuclease
External IDs	OMIM: 603153; MGI: 1316678; HomoloGene: 37695; GeneCards: RAD1; OMA:RAD1 - orthologs
EC number	3.1.11.2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human)[1] Band 5p13.2 Start 34,905,260 bp[1] End 34,918,989 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15|15 A1 Start 10,486,104 bp[2] End 10,499,149 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in secondary oocyte nipple urethra visceral pleura renal medulla superior surface of tongue ventral tegmental area pylorus cardia Achilles tendon Top expressed in embryo epiblast spermatocyte ventricular zone morula endocardial cushion ectoderm otic vesicle otic placode medial ganglionic eminence More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function damaged DNA binding exodeoxyribonuclease III activity protein binding 3'-5' exonuclease activity nuclease activity exonuclease activity hydrolase activity Cellular component intracellular membrane-bounded organelle chromosome nucleoplasm checkpoint clamp complex nucleus Biological process substantia nigra development DNA damage checkpoint signaling cellular response to DNA damage stimulus DNA replication meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling cellular response to ionizing radiation nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator DNA repair Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5810 19355 Ensembl ENSG00000113456 ENSMUSG00000022248 UniProt O60671 Q9QWZ1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001033673 NM_002853 NM_133282 NM_133377 NM_001289447 NM_001289448 NM_011232 RefSeq (protein) NP_002844 NP_001276376 NP_001276377 NP_035362 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 34.91 – 34.92 Mb Chr 15: 10.49 – 10.5 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD1 gene.^[5][6][7]

Function

This gene encodes a component of a heterotrimeric cell cycle checkpoint complex, known as the 9-1-1 complex, that is activated to stop cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage or incomplete DNA replication. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited by RAD17 to affected sites where it may attract specialized DNA polymerases and other DNA repair effectors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described.^[7]

Meiosis

During meiosis, double-strand breaks occur in DNA that initiate recombination. Recombination is a process that repairs the breaks and also promotes faithful chromosome segregation.^[8] In yeast the 9-1-1 complex (including RAD1) facilitates meiotic recombination. An alternative, but inaccurate, mechanism for repairing double-strand breaks is non-homologous end joining. In the rice plant, the 9-1-1 complex promotes accurate meiotic recombination by suppressing the alternative process of non-homologous end joining.^[8]

During mammalian meiosis 9-1-1 complexes promote synapsis of homologous chromosomes.^[9] Testis-specific disruption of RAD1 in mice results in defective double-strand break repair, depletion of germ cells and infertility.^[9]

Interactions

RAD1 homolog has been shown to interact with:

• HUS1,^[10][11]
• RAD17,^[12][13][14] and
• RAD9A,^{[10][15][16][17][18]}

References

Further reading