Iaco

 Nota: Para o rio, veja Rio Iaco.

Na religião e mitologia gregas antigas, Iaco (também Iacos) (em grego: Ἴακχος, Iakchos) era uma divindade menor, de alguma importância cúltica, particularmente em Atenas e Elêusis em conexão com os mistérios eleusianos, mas sem nenhuma mitologia significativa.[1] Ele talvez tenha se originado como a personificação da exclamação ritual Iacche!, gritada durante a procissão eleusiana de Atenas a Elêusis.[2] Ele era frequentemente identificado com Dioniso, talvez por causa da semelhança dos nomes Iaco e Baco, outro nome para Dionísio. Por vários relatos, ele era filho de Deméter (ou aparentemente seu marido), ou um filho de Perséfone, idêntico a Dioniso Zagreu, ou um filho de Dioniso.

Durante as guerras greco-persas, quando o interior ático, desertado pelos gregos, estava sendo devastado pelos persas, uma procissão fantasmagórica foi supostamente vista avançando a partir de Elêusis, gritando "Iaco". Este evento milagroso foi interpretado como um sinal da eventual vitória grega na Batalha de Salamina (480 a.C.).[3] Iaco também estava possivelmente envolvido em um mito eleusiano em que a velha Baubo, expondo seus órgãos genitais, animava Deméter, que estava de luto.

Culto

Iaco era uma das divindades, junto com Deméter e Kore (Perséfone), adoradas como parte dos Mistérios de Elêusis.[4] O geógrafo do final do século I a.C. Estrabão chamou-o de ἀρχηγέτην ("líder-em-chefe" ou "fundador") "dos mistérios".[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ Graf 2005, "Iacchus"; Hard, p. 134; Grimal, s.v. Iacchus, p. 224; Tripp, s.v. Iacchus; Rose, Oxford Classical Dictionary s.v. Iacchus; Smith, s.v. Iacchus.
  2. ↑ Compare com Himeneu, cujo nome derivou de um grito de casamento tradicional, ver Hard, p. 223.
  3. ↑ Herodotus, 8.65.
  4. ↑ Jiménez San Cristóbal 2012, p. 125.
  5. ↑ Estrabão, 10.3.10; Farnell, p. 146. No entanto Farnell, p. 148, argumentando que Iaco foi uma adição tardia aos mistérios eleusianos, desconta Iaco como "fundador dos mistérios", dizendo: "se Estrabão, em denominando [Iaco] o ἀρχηγέτης τῶν μυστηρίων, significa mais além de que ele levava os mystae pelo caminho sagrado para o santuário místico, não precisamos ser influenciados por Estrabão contra melhores evidências".

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Ligações externas

  • O Projeto Theoi, "Iakkhos"
  • Portal da Grécia Antiga