Istorija hinduizma

Istorija hinduizma označava široku paletu srodnih religijskih tradicija koje su poreklom sa Indijskog potkontinenta.[1] Njegova istorija preklapa se ili se podudara sa razvojem religije na indijskom potkontinentu još od gvozdenog doba, a neke od njenih tradicija sežu i do praistorijskih religija, poput civilizacije doline Inda iz bronzanog doba. Hinduizam se naziva „najstarijom religijom” na svetu.[note 1] Učenjaci hinduizam smatraju sintezom[11][12][13] različitih indijskih kultura i tradicija,[12][14][11] sa različitim korenima[15] i bez pojedinačnog osnivača.[16][note 2]

Istorija hinduizma često se deli na periode razvoja. Prvo razdoblje je pred-vedsko razdoblje, koje uključuje civilizaciju doline Inda i lokalne praistorijske religije, koje se završava oko 1750. godine pre nove ere. Ovaj period je sledio u severnoj Indiji vedski period, gde je došlo do uvođenja istorijske vedske religije sa indoarijskim migracijama, počevši negde između 1900. godine p. n. e. do 1400. godine p. n. e..[22][note 3] Sledeći period, između 800. godine p. n. e. i 200 godina pne, je „prekretnica između vedske religije i hinduističkih religija”,[25] i formativnog perioda za hinduizam, đainizam i budizam. Epski i rani puranski period, od c. 200. p. n. e. do 500. godine, osvedočio je klasično „zlatno doba” hinduizma (oko 320-650), koje se poklapa sa carstvom Gupta. U ovom periodu se razvilo šest grana hinduističke filozofije, a to su samkja, joga, njaja, vajšešika, mimamsa i vedanta. Monoteističke sekte poput šivizma i višnuzma razvile su se tokom istog perioda kroz pokret Bakti. Period od otprilike 650. do 1100. godine formira kasni klasični period[26] ili rani srednji vek, u kome je uspostavljen klasični puranski hinduizam, i Adi Šankarin, advajta vedanta, koji je budističku misao ugradio u vedantu, obeležavajući prelazak sa realistične na idealističku misao.

Hinduizam pod i hinduističkim i islamskim vladarima od c. 1200 do 1750,[27][28] videli su sve veću istaknutost pokreta bakti, koji i danas ostaje uticajan. U kolonijalnom periodu došlo je do pojave različitih hinduističkih reformskih pokreta, delom inspirisanih zapadnim pokretima, kao što su unitarijanstvo i teozofija. Podela Indije 1947. godine odvijala se prema verskim linijama, pri čemu je Republika Indija nastala sa hinduističkom većinom. Tokom 20. veka, zbog indijske dijaspore, hinduističke manjine su se formirale na svim kontinentima, a najveće zajednice po apsolutnom broju su u Sjedinjenim Državama i Velikoj Britaniji.

Napomene

  1. ^ See:
    • „Najstarija religija”:
      • Fauler: „verovatno najstarija religija na svetu”[2]
      • Gelman & Hartman: „Hinduizam, svetska najstarija religija”[3]
      • Stevens: „Hinduizam, najstarija religija na svetu”,[4]
    • „Najstarija živuća religija”[5]
    • „Najstarija postojeća velikar religija” na svetu.[6][7]
      • Laderman: „najstarija živa civilizacija i religija na svetu”[8]
      • Turner: „Takođe je prepoznata kao najstarija velika religija na svetu”[9]
    Smart, s druge strane, naziva ga isto tako jednom od najmlađih religija: „Hinduizam bi mogao da se vidi kao mnogo noviji, iako sa raznim drevnim korenima: u određenom smislu nastao je krajem 19. veka i početkom 20. veka.”[10] Pogledajte takođe:
    • Unireligija, šamanizam, animizam, obožavanje predaka za neke od najstarijih formi religije
    • Sarnaizam i sanamahizam, indijske plemenske religije povezane sa najranijim migracijama u Indiju
    • Australijska aboridžinska mitologija, jedna od najstarijih preživelih religija na svetu.
  2. ^ Među njenim korenima su vedska religija[14] kasnog vedskog perioda i njen naglasak na statuss brahmana,[17] ali isto tako religije civilizacije doline Inda,[15][18][19][20] šramana[21] ili odricanje tradicija[14] Istočne Indije,[21] i „popularne ili lokalne tradicije".[14]
  3. ^ Tačno datiranje nije moguće za početak vedskog perioda. Vicel spominje raspon između 1900. i 1400. godine p. n. e..[23] Flud pominje 1500. p. n. e..[24]

Reference

  1. ^ Brodd 2003.
  2. ^ Fowler 1997, стр. 1.
  3. ^ Gellman 2011. sfn грешка: no target: CITEREFGellman2011 (help)
  4. ^ Stevens 2001, стр. 191.
  5. ^ Sarma 1953. sfn грешка: no target: CITEREFSarma1953 (help)
  6. ^ Merriam-Webster 2000, стр. 751.
  7. ^ Klostermaier 2007, стр. 1.
  8. ^ Laderman 2003, стр. 119.
  9. ^ Turner & 1996-B, стр. 359.
  10. ^ Smart 1993, стр. 1.
  11. ^ а б Lockard 2007, стр. 50.
  12. ^ а б Hiltebeitel 2007, стр. 12.
  13. ^ Samuel 2010, стр. 193.
  14. ^ а б в г Flood 1996, стр. 16.
  15. ^ а б Narayanan 2009, стр. 11.
  16. ^ Osborne 2005, стр. 9.
  17. ^ Samuel 2010, стр. 48-53.
  18. ^ Lockard 2007, стр. 52.
  19. ^ Hiltebeitel 2007, стр. 3.
  20. ^ Jones 2006, стр. xviii. sfn грешка: no target: CITEREFJones2006 (help)
  21. ^ а б Gomez 2013, стр. 42.
  22. ^ Michaels 2004, стр. 32-36.
  23. ^ Witzel 1995, стр. 3-4.
  24. ^ Flood 1996, стр. 21.
  25. ^ Michaels 2004, стр. 38.
  26. ^ Michaels 2004.
  27. ^ Blackwell's History of India; Stein 2010, page 107
  28. ^ Some Aspects of Muslim Administration, Dr. R.P.Tripathi, 1956, p.24

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Spoljašnje veze

Istorija hinduizma na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
  • Encyclopedia of Authentic Hinduism
  • History of Hinduism on MSN Encarta encyclopaedia( Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (29. октобар 2009) 2009-10-31)
  • Hinduism in Modern Times
  • Timeline of Hinduism and its offshoots Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (12. март 2013)
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