Dicer

DICER酶
已知的結構
PDB直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表

2EB1、​4NGB、​4NGC、​4NGD、​4NGF、​4NGG、​4NH3、​4NH5、​4NH6、​4NHA、​4WYQ

識別號
别名DICER1;, DCR1, Dicer, Dicer1e, HERNA, MNG1, RMSE2, K12H4.8-LIKE, dicer 1, ribonuclease III, GLOW
外部IDOMIM:606241 MGI:2177178 HomoloGene:13251 GeneCards:DICER1
相關疾病
胸膜肺母細胞瘤、​胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤、​DICER1 syndrome、​familial multinodular goiter[1]
基因位置(人类
14號染色體
染色体14號染色體[2]
14號染色體
DICER酶的基因位置
DICER酶的基因位置
基因座14q32.13起始95,086,228 bp[2]
终止95,158,010 bp[2]
基因位置(小鼠
小鼠12号染色体
染色体小鼠12号染色体[3]
小鼠12号染色体
DICER酶的基因位置
DICER酶的基因位置
基因座12 E|12 54.83 cM起始104,654,001 bp[3]
终止104,718,211 bp[3]
基因本體
分子功能 核苷酸結合
helicase activity
protein domain specific binding
pre-miRNA binding
金屬離子結合
endoribonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
血浆蛋白结合
siRNA binding
RNA binding
nuclease activity
double-stranded RNA binding
endonuclease activity
水解酶活性
ATP結合
ribonuclease III activity
DNA结合
deoxyribonuclease I activity
細胞組分 細胞質
细胞质基质
RNA誘導沉默複合體
生长锥
ARC complex
RISC-loading complex
轴突
树突
细胞核
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
外排體
生物學過程 neuron projection morphogenesis
RNA processing
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
peripheral nervous system myelin formation
pre-miRNA processing
positive regulation of myelination
nerve development
RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic
positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
miRNA metabolic process
production of siRNA involved in RNA interference
基因沉默
apoptotic DNA fragmentation
腫瘤壞死因子產生的負調控
NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
negative regulation of gene expression
tube formation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物種人類小鼠
Entrez

23405

192119

Ensembl

ENSG00000100697

ENSMUSG00000041415

UniProt

Q9UPY3

Q8R418,F8VQ54

mRNA​序列

​NM_001195573
​NM_001271282
​NM_001291628
​NM_030621
​NM_177438

NM_148948

蛋白序列

NP_001182502
​NP_001258211
​NP_001278557
​NP_085124
​NP_803187

NP_683750

基因位置​(UCSC)Chr 14: 95.09 – 95.16 MbChr 12: 104.65 – 104.72 Mb
PubMed​查找[4][5]
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類檢視/編輯小鼠

Dicer蛋白在人體內由DICER1基因編碼,是一種在RNA干擾中扮演着重要角色的RNA酶,屬於III型RNA酶。在RNA誘導沉默複合體(RISC)的激活中,Dicer扮演着核心角色。在RNA干擾過程中,Dicer可以將shRNA(小髮卡RNA)切割、加工爲siRNA(小干擾RNA),將miRNA前體加工爲miRNA(微RNA)。

功能

Dicer酶的作用是將shRNA剪切爲siRNA或將miRNA前體剪切爲miRNA

Dicer酶會將轉錄而成的、經Drosha酶初步處理的shRNA(小髮卡RNA)剪切爲siRNA,或將miRNA前體(pre-miRNA)剪切爲miRNA。隨後,siRNA或miRNA會激活RISC的組裝和功能的行使,使RNA干擾得以繼續進行[6]

結構

肠贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia intestinalis)體內的Dicer蛋白。III型RNA酶結構域以綠色標出,PAZ以黃色標出,平臺結構域以紅色標出,連接不同結構域的螺旋以藍色標出[7]

人DICER蛋白屬於III型RNA酶,具有解旋酶活性以及PAZ結構域(Piwi英语Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille)[8][9]。除了上述結構域外,DICER蛋白還有兩個RNaseIII結構域和兩個雙鏈RNA結合結構域(DUF283和dsRBD)[10]

目前的研究表明PAZ結構域可以和shRNA(小髮卡RNA)3'端兩個凸出的核苷酸結合,III型RNA酶結構域則會在dsRNA周圍形成一個假二聚體,啓動核酸鏈的剪切,使shRNA長度逐漸縮短。PAZ結構域和III型RNA酶結構域之間的距離由連接他們的螺旋結構決定,會影響到產生的miRNA/siRNA長度[7]。Dicer的dsRBD結構域會與shRNA結合,不過目前並未解析出具體的結合位點。推測認爲dsRBD區可能會與一些調節蛋白(比如人體內的TRBP,果蠅體內的R2D2、Loqs)結合形成複合體,調控RNA酶活性,進而調節終產物的產生[11]。有推測認爲解旋酶結構域會參與對長底物的處理[11]

參見

參考

  1. ^ 與DICER酶相關的疾病;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100697 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000041415 - Ensembl, May 2017
  4. ^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  5. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  6. ^ Bernstein E, Caudy A, Hammond S, Hannon G. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. Nature. 2001, 409 (6818): 363–6. PMID 11201747. doi:10.1038/35053110. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Macrae IJ, Zhou K, Li F, Repic A, Brooks AN, Cande WZ, Adams PD, Doudna JA. Structural basis for double-stranded RNA processing by Dicer. Science. Jan 2006, 311 (5758): 195–8. PMID 16410517. doi:10.1126/science.1121638. 
  8. ^ Entrez Gene: DICER1 Dicer1, Dcr-1 homolog (Drosophila). (原始内容存档于2019-09-24). 
  9. ^ Matsuda S, Ichigotani Y, Okuda T, Irimura T, Nakatsugawa S, Hamaguchi M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human gene (HERNA) which encodes a putative RNA-helicase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Jan 2000, 1490 (1-2): 163–9. PMID 10786632. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00221-3. 
  10. ^ Hammond SM. Dicing and slicing: the core machinery of the RNA interference pathway. FEBS Letters. Oct 2005, 579 (26): 5822–9. PMID 16214139. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.08.079. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Cenik ES, Fukunaga R, Lu G, Dutcher R, Wang Y, Tanaka Hall TM, Zamore PD. Phosphate and R2D2 restrict the substrate specificity of Dicer-2, an ATP-driven ribonuclease. Molecular Cell. Apr 2011, 42 (2): 172–84. PMC 3115569可免费查阅. PMID 21419681. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.03.002.