Yirram languages

Languages of Aboriginal Australians of the Northern Territory

Yirram
Djamindjungan
Geographic distribution	Victoria River, Australia
Linguistic classification	Mirndi Yirram
Subdivisions	Nungali † Jaminjung †
Glottolog	`djam1254`
Yirram Barkly other non-Pama–Nyungan families

The Yirram or Jaminjungan languages, also known as Western Mirndi, are a branch of the Mirndi languages spoken around the Victoria River in the Northern Territory of Australia. The name of these languages is derived from the dual clitic which is "yirram" in each of the languages.^[1]

It consists of two languages, the Nungali language and the Jaminjung language. A third language has been proposed, Ngaliwurru, but it is often thought to be merely a dialect of the Jaminjung language.^[2]

References

^ Schultze-Berndt, Eva F. (2000), Simple and Complex Verbs in Jaminjung – A Study of event categorisation in an Australian language, p. 7
^ Green, Ian (1995). "The death of 'prefixing': contact induced typological change in northern Australia". Linguistics.berkeley.edu/BLS/ Berkeley Linguistics Society. 21: 414–425. doi:10.3765/bls.v21i1.1419.

Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages

Pama–Nyungan
subgroups

Southeastern

Victorian P–N	Lower Murray Yotayotic Gippsland Kulin Bungandidj
New South Wales P–N	Yuin–Kuric Dhanggati ? Anewan (Nganyaywana) ? Central New South Wales Wiradhuric Barranbinja Muruwari
North Coast	Durubalic Bandjalangic Gumbaynggiric Waka–Kabic

Northern

Western Torres Strait Kalaw Lagaw Ya
Paman	Northern Paman Uradhi Wik Middle Paman Umpilaic Umbindhamuic Lamalamic Umbuygamu Mbarrumbathama Southwest Paman Kuuk Thayorre Southern Paman Mbabaram Flinders Island
Maric	Northern Warrongo Eastern Biri Southern Bidyara–Gungabula Margany–Gunya Bindal ? Guwa–Yanda ? Guwa Yanda Kingkel ? Dharumbal ? Bayali ? Lower Burdekin ?
Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Warrgamay Nyawaygi Lower Burdekin ?
Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic	Guugu Yimidihirr Kuku Yalanji Yidiny
Gulf	Kalkatungic Kalkatungu Yalarnnga Mayi

Central

Arandic–Thura–Yura	Arandic Arrernte Kaytetye Thura–Yura Wirangu Kaurna Adnyamathanha
Karnic	Northern (Palku) Pitta-Pitta Western Arabana–Wangkangurru Central Diyari Yandruwandha Eastern Wilson River (Wangkumara) Bulloo River (Galali) ?
Yarli Paakantyi

Western

Yolŋu	Dhaŋu–Djaŋu Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu Dhuwal–Dhuwala Djambarrpuyŋu Gupapuyŋu Djinaŋ Djinba Ganhalpuyŋu
Ngarna/Warluwarric	Yanyuwa Southern Ngarru Thawa
Desert Nyungic	Marrngu Ngumpin–Yapa Ngumpin Yapa Warumungu ? Wati
South-West P–N	Pilbara Ngayarda Kanyara–Mantharta Kartu–Nhanda Yinggarda ? Mirning Nyunga

Proto-Pama–Nyungan

Tangkic

Lardil (register: Damin)
Kayardild
Yukulta (Ganggalida, Nyangga)
Mingginda (Minkin)

Garrwan

Garawa (Garrwa, north)
Waanyi (Wanji, south)
Gunindiri (Kurnindirri, southwest)

Macro-Gunwinyguan ?

Maningrida

Marran

Gunwinyguan proper

Western	Jawoyn (Djauan) Waray Uwinymil
Central	Bininj Kunwok (Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu) Kunbarlang Dalabon (Ngalkbun)
Eastern	Rembarrnga Ngalakgan Ngandi Nunggubuyu (Wubuy) Anindilyakwa (Enindhilyagwa)

Yangmanic–Wagiman?

Other isolates

Iwaidjan

Central (Warrkbi)	Iwaidja Garig–Ilgar Garig Ilgar
Eastern (Goulburn Island)	Maung Manangkari
Southern	Amurdag

Marrku–Wurrugu ?

Darwin Region ?

Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)
Limilngan–Wulna?	Limilngan Wulna
Umbugarlic	Umbugarla Ngurmbur Bugurnidja

Daly River Sprachbund

Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)	Batjamalh (Wadjiginy) Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
Northern Daly	Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar) Tyerraty
Western Daly	Marri Ngarr Merranunggu Marrithiyel Marramaninjsji
Eastern Daly	Matngele (Werret/Dakayu) Kamu
Southern Daly	Murrinh-patha Ngan’gityemerri

Mirndi

Jingulu

Yirram	Nungali Jaminjung
Ngurlun	Ngarnka Wambaya

Jarrakan

Bunuban

Worrorran

Wunambal (Northern)
Ngarinyin (Eastern)
Worrorra (Western)

Nyulnyulan

Western (Nyulnyulic)	Nyulnyul Bardi Jawi Djabirr-Djabirr Nimanburru
Eastern (Dyukun)	Yawuru Dyugun Warrwa Nyigina Ngumbarl

isolates

Tasmanian
family-level groups

Western	Northwestern Tasmanian (Peerapper) Southwestern Tasmanian (Toogee) ?
Northern	Northern Tasmanian (Tommeginne) Port Sorell
Northeastern	Pyemmairre (Northeastern) Tyerrernotepanner (North Midland) Lhotsky/Blackhouse Norman
Eastern	Oyster Bay (Paredarerme) Little Swanport Southeast Tasmanian (Nuenonne) Bruny Island

New Indigenous
languages and
Aboriginal Englishes

Creoles

Australian Kriol	Roper River Kriol (Ngukurr) Bamyili Kriol (Barunga) Kimberley Kriol (Fitzroy Valley) Daly River Kriol Westside Kriol (Victoria River) Barkly Kriol Mornington Island Creole Kowanyama Creole
Northeastern creoles	Torres Strait Creole (Yumplatok) Cape York Creole Lockhart River Creole Napranum Creole